Friday, January 31, 2020

The requirements for employers to allow maternity leave under United Essay - 1

The requirements for employers to allow maternity leave under United Kingdom law is a disadvantage to women in the workplace. Discuss this statement - Essay Example This legislation simply puts off most of the employers in employing women. Research conducted in UK has indicated that most companies are quite reluctant in employing women that are of the child bearing age (Davis, 2005, p 18). Majority of the politicians have aired out their grievances stating that there is need to amend the family legislation as well as the optional maternity leave because it has proven to be a disadvantage for most women in the workplace. Women who do ordinary jobs tend to fair badly when they take up the sole option of maternity leave. As soon as they resume their jobs it is quite difficult for them to catch up with their lost earnings owing to the fact that they don’t get any pension rights while on maternity leave (Bunkham, 2013). Reports on pregnancy discrimination have indicated that most women in UK experience discrimination at their work simply for the fact of being pregnant or taking up a maternity leave. Some women have also complained of being thrown out of their jobs. Despite the fact that women have been given the rights at work regarding things like extension of their statutory maternity leave as well as pay, paid time off in order to attend doctors’ appointments and the right to get flexible working hours there is a great challenge emerging from pregnancy discrimination. A lot needs to be done by the government in ensuring that women can be able to resume their careers and work duties without any discrimination and restrictions (Sargeant & Lewis, 2005, p 19). Most employers tend to illegally discriminate their women employees as soon as they get pregnant and they are usually made redundant when on maternity leave. Maternity leave therefore, tends to damage women careers, owing to the fact that as soon as their back to work a lot of events and duties have passed them. During maternity leave, most women are not able to gain experience in their line of duty and this is a common setback for those who want to

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Apollos Oracle at Delphi Essay -- ancient Greek beliefs and prophecies

The Oracle of Apollo at Delphi is shrouded in myth and mystery, but one thing is certain, their prophetic influence stretched far and wide and was detrimental in shaping Greece. Neither war nor boundary was determined without conferring the Delphic Oracle first. The Oracle of Apollo was held in high regard by the likes of "Plutarch, Plato, Aristotle, and Diodorus" (Broad 10). The Trojan War and Theban War were in part responses to the Oracle's forecasts (Fontenrose 4). The Delphic Oracle shaped the decision of Spartans and consulted the "Greek states at the time of the Persian War" (Fontenrose 6). For well over a millennium, devotees would continue to seek the Delphic Oracle's counsel. The Greek legacy is riddled with her prophecies. Delphi, Greece's relative geographic location is in the center of Greece. According to Richard Haywood, its location could literally be the reason that the "Delphic Oracle was near the center of Greek life for centuries" (112). Delphi was inhabited as early as the Bronze Age. The Oracle's existence is believed to have appeared as early as the 8th century BCE (Scott 11). Several stories exist to explain the origins of Delphi. One myth says that Zeus released two eagles "from opposite ends of the world and they met at Delphi" signifying the geographic center of the earth (Scott 36). Another myth claims the word Delphi was obtained directly from a Greek word meaning "womb", indicating the birthplace of the world (Scott 36). However, the Homeric Hymn to Apollo written "between the late 7th century BCE and mid-sixth century BCE" tells the tale of Delphi's genesis in a different light. According to the Homeric tale, Apollo traveled throughout Greece in search of the perfect site for his temple. H... ...'s future, creating a blurred line between the real and fantastical. Fact and fiction continues to cohabitate in the daily debate and rituals of Modern Greece and it is quite possible that the Delphic Oracle is to praise and/or to blame. Works Cited Broad, William J. The Oracle: The Lost Secrets and Hidden Message of Ancient Delphi. New York: Penguin, 2006. Print. Fontenrose, Joseph Eddy. The Delphic Oracle, Its Responses and Operations. Berkeley: U of California. Print. Haywood, Richard. "THE DELPHIC ORACLE." Archaeology 5.2 (1952): 110-18. JSTOR. Web. 25 May 2014. . Lehoux, Daryn. "Drugs and the Delphic Oracle." Classical World 101.1 (2007): 41-56. Web. Scott, Michael. Delphi a History of the Center of the Ancient World. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2014. Print.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Android Os

CELLPHONE OPERATING SYSTEM 2010 CP 303 – Operating Systems 5/14/2010 Android is a complete set of software for mobile devices. It consists of: * An operating system * Middleware * Mobile applications Android was built from the ground-up to enable developers to create compelling mobile applications that take full advantage of all a handset has to offer. An application can call upon any of the phone's core functionality such as making calls, sending text messages, or using the camera, allowing developers to create richer and more cohesive experiences for users. Android is built on the open Linux Kernel. Furthermore, it utilizes a custom virtual machine that was designed to optimize memory and hardware resources in a mobile environment. It is open source and can be liberally extended to incorporate new cutting edge technologies as they emerge. Android does not differentiate between the phone's core applications and third-party applications. They can all be built to have equal access to a phone's capabilities providing users with a broad spectrum of applications and services. With devices built on the Android Platform, users are able to fully tailor the phone to their interests. A developer can combine information from the web with data on an individual's mobile phone, also, he/she can build an application that enables users to view the location of their friends and be alerted when they are in the vicinity giving them a chance to connect. ANDROID FEATURES Contacts/ Accounts: * Multiple accounts can be added to a device for email and contact synchronization, including Exchange accounts. * Developers can create sync adapters that provide synchronization with additional data sources. * Quick Contact for Android provides instant access to a contact's information and communication modes. A user can tap a contact photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person. Other applications such as Email, Messaging, and Calendar can also reveal the Quick Contact widget when you touch a contact photo or status icon. Email: * Combined inbox to browse email from multiple accounts in one page. * Exchange support. Messaging: * Search functionality for all saved SMS and MMS messages. * Auto deletes the oldest messages in a conversation when a defined limit is reached. Camera: * Built-in flash support * Digital zoom * Scene mode * White balance * Color effect * Macro focus Virtual Keyboard: Refreshed UI with actionable browser URL bar enables users to directly tap the address bar for instant searches and navigation. * Bookmarks with web page thumbnails. * Support for double-tap zooms. * Support for HTML5 * Database API support, for client-side databases using SQL. * Application cache support, for offline applications. * Geo-location API support to provide location information about the device. ANDROID SUPPORTED DEVICES Smartphones: * Acer Liquid A1 * Bluelans Communication Sciphone N19 * Bluelans Communication SciPhone N21 * Dell Mini3i * Geeks'Phone One * General Mobile DSTL1 Imaginary * HKC HKC Pearl * HKC Imobile v413 HTC Desire * HTC Dream * HTC Hero * Droid Incredible * HTC Legend * HTC Magic * HTC Tattoo * Google Nexus One * T-Mobile Pulse * Lenovo OPhone * GW620 Eve * Motorola CLIQ XT * Motorola Droid * Motorola MB300 * Motorola Devour * MOTO MT710 * MOTO XT800 * Motorola CLIQ * Sirius Sky * Qiji I6 Tablet PCs: * Archos 5 Internet Tablet * Camangi WebStation * Eken M001 (TP701) * Enso zenPad * Smart Devices SmartQ-V5 * Smart Devices SmartQ-V7 * Hardkernel ODROID-T E-Readers: * Barnes & Noble nook * enTourage eDGe * Spring Design Alex Other: * Acer Aspire One D250 REFERENCES www. developer. android. com www. android. com www. wikipedia. com

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

The Beginnings of Greek Philosophy Essay - 4211 Words

The Beginnings of Greek Philosophy The Milesians and Heraclitus Long before the time of Thales, a citizen of Miletus, in the district of Ionia on the west coast of Asia Minor, Chaldaen astrologers had listed data on the position of the stars and planets. As Thales studied these tables he thought he discerned a pattern or regularity in the occurrence of eclipses, and he ventured to predict a solar eclipse that occurred on May 28th 585BC. Some scholars think that this was just a lucky empirical guess, but if it was the discovery of an astronomical regularity or natural law, then Thales may be credited with distinguishing Greek philosophy and science from the somewhat aimless observations and disjointed information of the Eastern wise†¦show more content†¦Since, too, a general theory must attempt to explain biological phenomena as well as physics and astronomy, another reason for selecting water may have been its indepensibility to life. And a little ingenuity can invent other considerations. But Anaximander (610-545?BC), Thales successor, in additions to specific contributions to science, saw a difficulty in Thales general cosmology. If water were he basic substance, he thought, fire could never have come into existence, for there is an essential antagonism between their peculiar qualities. For the same reason, if the substratum were fire, the existence of fire could not be explained.. Therefore, Anaximander assumed a Boundless that was neither wet or dry, hot or cold, but rather indeterminately both wet and dry, cold and hot. Thus, the matter of the universe was Boundless, not merely because it extended throughout infinite space, but also, and mainly, because it was not bounded, limited, or defined by any quality. This original substance produces the world and its content by a swirling motion that separates four qualities out of the chaotic mass. This swirl explains the revolution of the starts and planets. The third member of the Milesian school, Anaximenes (590-525BC) could not be persuaded to look for the universal substratum beyond theShow MoreRelated greek philosophy Essay984 Words   |  4 Pages Greek Religion is the beginning to Greek philosophy and the beginning to many great philosophers. The lack of stimulation that Greek religion is the main reason why the study of philosophy became so popular in Greek culture. Philosophy of religion was studied because people like Socrates did not understand why things were and why they had to be only that way. The lack of religion is what led to people and philosophers questioning the ethical choices people followed. Philosophy is a study of beliefsRead MoreThe Origins of Greek Thought by Jean-Pierre Vernant1487 Words   |  6 PagesJean-Pierre Vernants book, The Origins of Greek Thought, is a critical reassessment of a dominant historical trope for Western antiquity: that Greek philosophy amazingly materialized out of thin air after the Dorian Invasion. As an alternative to this popular idea, Vernant rationalizes the revolution of Greek thought as it pertains to the development of the polis (city), the development of philosophy, along with the idea that logic was developed by accompanying death of the monarchy and the birthRead More The Rise Of Christianity Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe rise of Christianity in philosophy One influential cult was based upon a mystical interpretation of Plato. Neo-Platonism was like a rational science that attempted to break down and describe every aspect of the divine essence and its relationship with the human soul. An Alexandrian Jew named Philo tried using Greek philosophy to interpret the Jewish scriptures. He wanted to unite the two traditions by suggesting that the Greek philosophers had been inspired by the same God who had revealedRead MoreEgyptian Contributions And Greek Culture1678 Words   |  7 Pagescontributions were critical to the development of Greek culture. The Nile Valley civilization is the basis of philosophy, science, and medicine that is often times solely credited to the Greeks. PURPOSE STATEMENT After thorough research and analysis the Nile Valley Contributions to Greek civilization are evident. THE BEGINNINGS Ancient Greece is regarded as the beginnings of advanced sciences and philosophies and the fundamentals of the western world. For years, Greek culture has been taught in schools andRead More Roman and Greek Philosophys Influence on Todays Western Culture780 Words   |  4 Pagesand politics were made in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. Greek philosophers were among the first in the West to explore nature in a rational way and to make educated guesses about the creation of the world and the universe. This is why Greece is often referred to as the birthplace of Western culture. The ancient Greeks viewed the world in a way that one would today perhaps describe as holistic. Science, philosophy, art and politics were interwoven and combined into one worldview. MoreoverRead MoreThe Greek Era880 Words   |  4 Pages Although I wouldn’t prefer to live in the Greek time I do believe that it is the most interesting because of the intriguing culture, philosophy, plays and literature, and structures. The amount of progress in philosophy and culture makes the Greek era very recognizable and incredibly important for future of the world. Many things can call their start from the Greeks too, such as drama, comedy, modern philosophy, democracy, and the beginning of modern science. 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To achieve a realist image, the combination of the fundamentals of art creates the illusion of something real. Proportions of a human body were developed by a renaissance artist named Leonardo Divinci. Divinci was not the only historical figure who created the ideal proportions of a human body. Greeks used a system of measures when they made temples and used a stand ard unit of measure to draw

Monday, December 30, 2019

Benefits Of Universal Healthcare System - 1399 Words

Since the advent of health insurance in the 1950s, there have been many models of care that are come to the scene in an attempt to both control cost of care and improve quality of care. Insurance models came into being because the fee for service model used until then was proving to increase cost of healthcare without any measure of quality of services and care provided. Health insurance models have evolved from the basic hospital offered insurance to employer sponsored coverage plans. The US health system is broken both financially and quality wise with more than 20% of gross domestic product being spent on healthcare (Blackstone, 2016). There has been discussion to have universal healthcare system similar to Medicare as a method to have a centralized monitoring system of cost. There have also been other systems tried beginning with HMOs in the 1970s in an effort to streamline access to necessary healthcare services by employing a gatekeeper to their access at the primary care levels. With patient dissatisfaction, PPOs were tried which circumvent the necessity of referrals (Hacker, 1998). Either of these models had substantial effect on healthcare outcomes while the cost of healthcare continued to skyrocket. The US spends more than any other country on healthcare but outcomes are not better (Blackstone, 2016). In 2010, under President Obama’s leadership, Affordable Care Act was passed and one of the promising features is the formation of accountable careShow MoreRelatedHow Capitalism Can Save American Healthcare817 Words   |  4 Pagesacronyms are so close in alphabetical sequence; a consumer could easi ly get healthcare plans confused. Dr. David Grazier author of â€Å"How Capitalism Can Save American Healthcare† interviewed a colleague named Bob who agreed that healthcare is too complicated, he shares â€Å"the confusion--the prices are inscrutable, the ever-rising costs, the questionable quality, the chaotic lack of information. That is the micro-level of healthcare† (Grazier). Chapter five from the text Health Policy the organization,Read MoreHow Capitalism Can Save American Healthcare819 Words   |  4 Pagesacronyms are so close in alphabetical sequence; a consumer could easily get healthcare plans confused. Dr. David Grazier author of â€Å"How Capitalism Can Save American Healthcare† interviewed a colleague named Bob, who agreed that healthcare is too complicated, he shares â€Å"the confusion--the prices are inscrutable, the ever-rising costs, the questionable quality, the chaotic lack of information. That is the micro-level of healthcare† (Grazier). Chapter five from the text Health Policy the organizationRead MoreUniversal Healthcare: The benefits Outweigh the Costs Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesis held back by its weak healthcare system. As of 2010 the US healthcare system currently ranks the 37th best out of 190 countries (Murray). Before the introduction of the Affordable Care Ac in 2010, the United States had an individual insurance market. It was the responsibility of the individual or their employer to take care of their healthcare costs. On top of this, millions of people could be denied insurance by different agencies due to pre-existing claims. Healthcare was expensive, but the costsRead MoreUniversal Healthcare Vs. Public Healthcare912 Words   |  4 Pagesto give healthcare everyone in a country, an idea which I saw a lot of countries thought about was Universal Healthcare. A system in which the government in a country provides healthcare to every individual. 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As of 2010 the US healthcare system currently ranks the 37th best out of 190 countries. Before the introduction of the Affordable Care Ac in 2010, the united States had an individual insurance market. It was the responsibility of the individual or their employer, t o take care of their healthcare costs. On top of this millions of people could be denied insurance by different agencies due to pre-existing claims. Healthcare was expensive, but the costsRead MoreHealth Care For The United States1361 Words   |  6 PagesRising healthcare costs in the United States have made healthcare less affordable over time, creating a major public health issue for individuals without insurance. 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Sunday, December 22, 2019

Reflection Paper For The Goal A Process Of Ongoing...

ACCT 315 – 01 Daniel Allington Due: April 11, 2017 Reflection Paper for The Goal: A process of ongoing improvement (Goldratt) 1. Say we have identified the bottleneck machine of a production process. List at least four things suggested in the book that will result in a greater throughput without actually expanding the physical capacity of the machine. The setup crew should setup the machine so that it is running parts while they are on their break or lunch to decrease its idle time. Use other machines that can do the same task as the bottlenecks. Outsource the job of the bottleneck to another vendor. Stop running parts for orders that are not immediately needed. Another thing that can be done is have quality control inspection tasks†¦show more content†¦So, to reach your expected target you really need a capacity much larger than your expected output 3. You are the manager of a manufacturing plant. The plant is having trouble making a profit, deliveries are always late, customers are dissatisfied, and the workers in the plant are upset and are threatening a strike. Your boss will close the plant if you don t do a lot better by cutting costs and increasing sales. Besides that, your spouse may divorce you and your children are failing in school. Your staff has come up with the following action plans. Comment on the advisability of each plan in terms of Throughput, Inventory and Operating Expense. I want more than a direction of change. I want a reason for the change. a. The process engineer suggests that you find the most labor-intensive operation that the plant performs. Reduce costs by automating the operation. Jonah always worked with Alex by asking him questions rather than giving him specific answers to the questions being asked. Questions, I would ask and seek answers to would be: Will automating the process actually save costs? Machines typically cost millions of dollars so replacing the work done by human capital with machines, how long will it take to see a difference in the company’s bottom line? What is the return on investment? Would having this machine allow the company to increaseShow MoreRelatedClassroom Environment : A Better Understanding Of Our Schools And Our Educational System Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesteachers have a responsibility to honestly (and constantly) reflect and make needed adjustments to their methodologies. This paper will be structured around and focused upon these core matters in an effort to demonstrate their implications for my future classroom and teaching experiences; In exploring these matters, I will ultimately argue that teaching is trul y a learning process in and of itself. Background Matters In the first few weeks of the course, we focused on the topic of identity. By beginningRead MoreThe Performance Of The Spring Concert1675 Words   |  7 Pages(Allen, 2011). While public performances and community involvement are valuable components of a quality music education program, assessment must be more meaningful than awards or a lack of complaints. In order to be effective, the assessment process should be ongoing, frequent, and individualized. A national study found that professional development in arts assessment is lacking: Respondents see a need for professional development, university training, and certification programs in all art forms to improveRead MoreImproving Performance Management Strategies And Alignment Between And Organizational Goals1694 Words   |  7 Pagesalignment between and organizational goals, and therefore increase overall performance. Timeliness Under the current system the year end review occurs at the earliest in March. In order to create a forward thinking performance management approach within the year end review, it should be given by the end of January. Discussing goals and ways to move forward must occur when the employee has an opportunity to improve their performance and achieve the established goals. Training Managers should receiveRead MoreAn Ideal Learning Practice For The Emergency Airway Management Team1822 Words   |  8 Pagessituations. A structured process of ongoing assessment and performance improvement is integrated into the ideal learning practice. This assessment is multidimensional and focuses on learning and performance of both the individual and the team as a whole. Finally, ongoing performance improvement activities support ongoing learning not by focusing on identifying deficiencies, but by emphasizing the EAM team’s success, encouraging innovation and identifying strategies for improvement. The comparison betweenRead MoreEvaluation Of An Anonymous Questionnaire1281 Words   |  6 Pagesresults, and determining the level of success. The projected timeline for this project is six months; three months to develop the pre-transfer checklist, and another three months to fully implement the checklist and evaluate the outcomes. This is a paper-based tool that is cost-effective and simple to develop. To begin this project, a thorough review of incident reports submitted by Farr 6 nurses will be necessary to provide information as to what issues related to patient transfers have been reportedRead MoreReflection Paper : Evidence Based Management1205 Words   |  5 Pages Reflection Paper: Evidence-Based Management Carolann Stanek University of Mary 630 – Contemporary Issues in Healthcare Administration â€Æ' Reflection Paper: Evidence-Based Management Evidence-based management [EBM] is the use of evidence to make decisions regarding business process, operations, and strategy to improve performance of an organization (McAlearney Kovner, 2013). Using EBM initiates a formal decision-making process in which a problem is identified, evidence is gathered, optionsRead MorePersonal Reflection1034 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Reflection I am very proud of myself for completing my master’s degree this past May. This is my highest educational accomplishment thus far. Also, I feel blessed for my job as a Spanish teacher at Jackson Elementary. Working in a Title I school district has given me the chance to develop new strategies and skills to meet of disadvantaged, at-risk students. Nonetheless, one of my aspirations is also to be an ESL teacher, so I can help English language learners and assist new immigrantsRead MoreEssay On Health Care Development1509 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical step down unit. The first section of this paper discusses the description of the proposed unit including a mission statement, prioritized values, and an organizational chart depicting how all employees from the unit are connected. This is followed by a description of my preferred leadership style and managerial role, empowerment strategies, conflict resolution, and important interventions. Strong leadership, effective management, cl ear goals, and objectives are key elements for creating a successfulRead MoreEssay about Enabling Learning Through Assessment1414 Words   |  6 Pagesthe teaching style to meet their learning needs and ensure the inclusion of all students, so that they might achieve the best outcome in all stages of the learning process. The use of the initial assessment can be demonstrated in a range of ways, and adjusted to meet the skill level of the learners. Some may be new to the learning process therefore it can be useful to keep this stage of assessment informal, so not to cause too much distress to the learners who may feel pressured by ‘assessment’. OneRead MoreA Most Excellent Goal : Using Goldratts Theory Of Constraints1577 Words   |  7 PagesA Most Excellent Goal: Using Goldratt’s Theory of Constraints A seed contains all the information necessary for its fruit to reproduce and flourish. In 1984, the late Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt wrote The Goal, a novel that contains a theory with principles and techniques that have been the catalyst for the operational success of companies and organizations around the world. How did a book, written to support a scheduling system developed by Goldratt to help increase production at a neighbor’s chicken

Friday, December 13, 2019

Policy Tools Free Essays

Command and control regulation as defined by Michael Raegan(1987) is â€Å"a process or activity in which government requires or prescribes certain activities or behavior on the part of individuals or institutions, mostly private but sometimes public, and does so through a continuing administrative process, generally through specially designated regulatory agencies†. There is a history of command and control regulation as a policy instrument of the government in Trinidad and Tobago as evidenced by its placement in 2013 and 2014 budget in relation to the gaming ndustry. The gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is an illegal one, which operates without government regulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Tools or any similar topic only for you Order Now As stated in the 2013 budget Minister Howai â€Å"Mr. Speaker we intend to bring the gaming industry under more effective control and capture more fully the revenue that can accrue to the Treasury. The Gaming Industry offers a legitimate form of entertainment if it is properly regulated. It was proposed that effective May 2013 a series of regulations would be put into place to manage the industry until the comprehensive framework and control body was established. In the 2014 budget Minister Howai acknowledged that previous stated policy had not been fully implemented but that vital steps were underway, which included extensive consultations with various stakeholder bodies. According to Finance Minister, the Honorable Larry Howai, a comprehensive governance structure for the industry was developed over the last year. It will entail the establishment of a Regulatory Commission with the power to license premises, operators, suppliers and key employees. The new legislation will control the operations of what will be referred to as registered casinos. The primary advantage of command and control regulation towards the gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is that being an illegal practice (aside from pool betting halls), government has the legislative upper hand to determine what is to be regulated and how. Mitnick (1980) explains that a government need not know in advance its subjects preferences as in the case of voluntary instruments and little information is needed to establish the regulation as a result. Government can simply establish a standard and expect compliance (Howlett and Ramesh 2009) making it a highly cost and time efficient tool. Secondly regulation in itself allows for better co-ordination of government efforts and planning because of the predictability it entails (Howlett and Ramesh 2009). This is tied to the directness and specificity of the nature of command and control regulation. This predictability and directness of the regulation makes it easier and more suitable of an instrument in times of crisis or when an immediate response is needed, as noted by the Minister that the gaming industry is substantial and growing industry with the high prevalence to criminal activity and social ills thus immediate action needs to be aken to arrest the issue before it spirals, while reaping the benefits of increasing revenue at the same time. Command and control regulation is also more cost efficient than other instruments as well as publicly and politically appealing government’s part† (Howlett and Ramesh 2009) Although command and control regulation is cost effective especially when compared to other instruments it is still quite costly, as the cost of enforcement by regulatory bodies may be high due to further costs of information, investigation and prosecution which make the policy legalistic and adversarial(Hahn and Hind 1991). Another issue with command and control in the context of the gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is that the very nature of the industry is problematic. Private members’ clubs, slot machines etcetera which constitute the industry are all illegal activities that have been allowed to flourish without regulation, thus the administration of the regulatory framework is problematic as it needs to gain legitimacy and acceptance by an illegitimate structure. There has to be total co-operation on the part of all members of the gaming industry in order for regulation to be effective and adhered to. Dyerson and Mueller (1993) also state that regulation is often inflexible and does not offer consideration for individual circumstances, thus a one size fits all regulation of casinos, private members clubs etc does not take into account the size and profitability or extent of gambling taking place. This may lead to incompliance with the regulatory structure and undermining of the very framework government is trying to cement. A mixed approach to regulation could be used, a good example of which is self regulation, which would be more cost effective as government would not ave to foot the cost of â€Å"creation, administration and renewal of standards† (Howlett and Ramesh). However there is a tossup as to how effective and favorable alternative methods really are when one considers the social costs of ineffective or inefficient administration of voluntary standards, especially those related to non-compliance (Gibson 1994 and Karamanos 2001) The overall usefulness of this policy tool cannot be fully assessed as it has not been fully implemented and remains largely at the drawing board. This perhaps is a sign of its ineffectiveness and inability to meet the goals of the government. How to cite Policy Tools, Papers