White Collar Crime Ponzi Scheme with a Focus on Bernard...

White Collar Crime: Ponzi Scheme with a Focus on Bernard Madoff NAME College White Collar Crime: Ponzi Scheme with a Focus on Bernard Madoff Most people, when they hear the word â€Å"crime,† think about street crime or violent crime such as murder, rape, theft, or drugs. However, there is another type of crime that has cost people their life savings, investors’ billions of dollars, and has had significant impacts of multiple lives; it is called white collar crime. The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines white collar crime as illegal acts which are characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and which are not dependent upon the application or threat of physical force or violence. Individuals and organizations†¦show more content†¦One victim, Michael Bienes, after being asked if he ever suspected that Madoff was up to no good, he responded, â€Å"Up to no good? He was a god. He was my life† (Lewis, 2011). Another victim describes him as â€Å"an approachable man† that â€Å"everyone looked up to†¦and respected† (Lewis, 2011). Carmen Dell’Orefice, former companion of Madoff’s â€Å"best friend,† Norman Levy, stated that â€Å"I think of him as always smiling,† â€Å"quiet and caring,† â€Å"shy, but so sure of himself† (Lewis, 2011). â€Å"He was able to fool a great many people for a very long time† (Lewis, 2011). Many times in a Ponzi scheme the offender targets people they do not know personally but not Madoff. He had family, friends, employees and even charities and non-profit organizations as investors. â€Å"He tapped local money pulled in from country clubs and charity dinners, where investors sought him out to casually plead with him to manage their savings so they could start reaping the steady, solid returns their envied friends were getting† (Colesanti, 2012). â€Å"Levy invested $100,000† for Dell’Orefice, who felt honored to be a part of the â€Å"exclusive fund† (Lewis, 2010). Sheryl Weinstein, who wa s a friend of Madoffs for nearly 24 years, lost her entire savings to Madoff’s Ponzi scheme. â€Å"The charitable foundation of philanthropist Carl Shapiro had invested about 45 percent of its assets ($345 million) in Madoffs fund† (Auerbach, 2009). It is â€Å"estimated that Madoffs scam cost Jewish philanthropies at least $600 million, andShow MoreRelatedWhite Collar And Organized Crime Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesWhite Collar And Organized Crime In the twentieth century, White Collar and Organized Crimes have attracted the attention of the U.S. Criminal Justice System due to the greater cost to society than most normal street crime. Even with the new attention by the Criminal Justice System, both are still pretty unknown to the general public. Although we know it occurs, due to the lack of coverage and information, society does not realize the extent of these crimes or the impact. White Collar and OrganizedRead MoreBernie Madoff Case Study4737 Words   |  19 PagesThe Fraud of the Century: The Case of Bernard Madoff The fraud perpetrated by Bernard Madoff which was discovered in December, 2008 is based upon a Ponzi scheme. Madoff took money from new investors to pay earnings for existing customers. The greater the payout to retiring and withdrawing customer, the more revenue or clients he would need to start and â€Å"investment relationship† with Madoff. The Ponzi scheme was named after Charles Ponzi who in the early 20th Century, saw a way to profit fromRead MoreMadoff4022 Words   |  17 Pageshave probably heard of a financial ploy called a Ponzi scheme. However, many may not fully understand the details or how to protect themselves from such a financial risk. A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment plan in which the investments of later investors are used to pay earlier investors, giving the appearance that the investments of the initial participants dramatically increase in value in a short amount of time. These types of financial schemes promise investors large interest retu rns if theyRead MoreThe Case of Bernard Madoff4541 Words   |  19 PagesFraud of the Century: The Case of Bernard Madoff Group No. 5: International Students é º ¥Ã§ «â€¹Ã¥ ¦ ² 98370389 é ­ Ã§ ¶ ­Ã¥ ¾ · 98370390 Ã¥ · ´Ã§Å½â€°Ã©â‚¬ £ 98370452 December 2011 Introduction We chose Bernard Madoff’s case because we thought that we could relate his case to many unethical behaviors. The analysis can be made on decision making and lack of ethical training which we think is an important topic to focus on this course. On Dec. 11, 2008, Bernard Lawrence Madoff confessed that his vaunted investmentRead MoreMadoff Scandal6132 Words   |  25 PagesVictims 14 2009 Ponzi Schemes 16 The SEC Failure 17 SEC post- Madoff 19 Hedge Fund Transparency 20 Conclusion 21 Bibliography 25 Tables Table 1: List of Madoff Clients (taken from the The New York Times, last updated June 24, 2009) 15 Table 2: 2009 Ponzi Scheme SEC Charges 17 Figures Figure 1 Fairfield Sentry vs Gateway 6 Figure 2 Madoff Investor Funds (taken from http://orgnet.com/madoff.html) 7 Introduction Operating from central Manhattan, Bernie Madoff developed the firstRead MoreThe International Organization Structure Of Organized And White Collar Crimes Essay2217 Words   |  9 Pagesfamiliar with crimes that deal with funding for terrorism or the violation of human rights in America. These crimes have increased in terms of size of groups, offenders, and activities over the past ten years. Organized and white collar crime are two of the most underrated crimes in the world. Why is this important to me is the question that most citizens will ask? A lot of individual aren’t aware of legislations or regulations created that apply to organized and white-collar crimes. This paperRead MoreEssay on White Collar Crimes in America3039 Words   |  13 Pageshistory there have been many white collar crimes. These crimes are defined as non-violent and financial-based crimes that are full ranges of fraud committed by business and government professionals. These crimes are not victi mless nor unnoticed. A single scandal can destroy a company and can lose investors millions of dollars. Today, fraud schemes are more sophisticated than ever, and through studying: Enron, LIBOR, Albert Wiggan and Chase National Bank, Lehman Brothers and Madoff, we find how the culpritsRead MoreKey Elements For Commit Fraud1673 Words   |  7 Pagesemotional ruin. For example, Joe receives an email from Prince Tiberius in Nigeria about being the recipient of $1,000,000. However, Joe needs to wire Prince Tiberius $25,000 first. Since Joe is studying fraud, he recognizes the red flags of a wire scheme and proceeds to delete the email. Without prior knowledge, Joe could have been defrauded $25,000 (Why it is important to learn about Fraud 2015). Fraud knowledge benefits stakeholders in multiple ways. By understanding how financial statement

Othello s Othello By William Shakespeare - 897 Words

Iago’s main reason to denigrate Desdemona’s character is his love for Othello. Consequently, he will do anything to gain Othello’s admiration. When Iago is putting his plan into action and planting in Othello’s mind that Desdemona is not faithful to him, Iago says: Othello kneels .............................................................................................. IAGO: Do not rise yet. Iago kneels Witness, you ever-burning lights above, You elements that clip us round above, Witness that here Iago doth give up The execution of his wit, hands, heart, To wronged Othello’s service. Let him command, And to obey shall be in me remorse, What bloody business ever. OTHELLO: I greet thy love. (Shakespeare, 3.3.451-469) It is speculated that Iago’s love for Othello is so intense that he wishes that Othello were married to him, not Desdemona. Thus, he creates a mock wedding by kneeling next to Othello and delivering a speech that can be considered his wedding vows. When a woman marries in the Renaissance, she gives up her life for her husband, as she now has to be submissive to her husband and do as he pleases. Iago mentions that he will give up his â€Å"wit, hands, and heart† for Othello, as if he was becoming Othello’s wife. Therefore, he will commit any deed to show Othello that he is in love with him. One may argue that Shakespeare also portrays male characters in Othello as monstrous. However, even though their behavior, such as murders and bad treatment towards women,Show MoreRelatedOthello : William Shakespeare s Othello2542 Words   |  11 Pages3 March 2015 Othello Introduction Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English language – after the various writers of the Bible. Many of Shakespeare’s ideas for the play Othello came from a collection of tales written by Giraldi Cinthio. In Othello the character of Iago acts as the prominent main character throughout the play, even though he plays the role of the antagonist to the other central characters in the comedy Iago is the tragic hero. Shakespeare’s Othello was not justRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages Previously, in Act 3.4, Othello begins to suspect Desdemona’s loyalty, as he continuously asks Desdemona for the handkerchief, yet she keeps on changing the topic. In Act 4.1, Iago continues to convince Othello of Desdemona’s faithfulness. In Act 3.4, Othello defended Desdemona when Iago accused her; but in Act 4.1, their position is switched. Othello becomes more aware of what Iago is saying and the anger t hat he has towards Iago has significantly reduced, while he begins to doubt Desdemona.Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Othello1720 Words   |  7 PagesDejenara Williams Ms.Milliner EES21QH-04 January ,18,2017 In this world there are two different types of people. There are those with a fixed mindset and others with a growth mindset . Each of these mindset involve different personality and characteristics. This may create a different outlook on life, meaning different morals and actions. Which happens to come into play while reading shakespeare s Othello. Most of the characters , maybe even all fit into either categories. CharactersRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay977 Words   |  4 Pages In William Shakespeare s Othello, Iago s character is perhaps the most appalling scalawag. Oxford s Dictionary characterizes miscreant as an, an evil individual; boss insidious character in a play or a story (Oxford 740). Iago plays the antiquated of Othello, who is the general of the Venetian powers. As an old, Iago is to be an unwavering worker to Othello. In any case, Iago has developed intense and scornful and utilizes his gathered steadfastness as a wedge to bring about Othello s endRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello s Othello By William Shakespeare Essay2117 Words   |  9 Pages Racist Ideology As Seen In Othello As a writer, William Shakespeare possessed an uncanny ability to address topics that were, for the most part, unnoticed in society. Every one of his characters feels realistic because they are so complex and based on psychological motivations. When Shakespeare’s Othello was first written, there was undoubtedly a complicated relationship between white English citizens and so called â€Å"foreigners†. However, society’s inability to understand or accept different culturesRead MoreOthello s Othello By William Shakespeare848 Words   |  4 Pages Desdemona’s Passivity [In the Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello†] Desdemona is a passive character in the Shakespeare play â€Å"Othello†. We can identify this as a fault in Desdemona, in various acts and scenes throughout the play. A critic had stated that â€Å"Desdemona is passive, acted upon rather than acting.† This is a valid statement which is noticeable in Desdemona’s character. When Desdemona argues Cassio’s position that Othello stripped from him. We see from this that she could have actedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello 1386 Words   |  6 Pagesblood-crimson of lust and the jade-green of jealously are but two of the vast palate required to paint this inescapable human passion. William Shakespeare’s store of colors is unrivaled. No human failing, foible or foolishness escapes his gentle, comedic reproof. He equally enjoins his audience to venture as bravely as he does into the palpable horror of love gone amiss. In â€Å"OTHELLO,†Ã¢â‚¬Å"MACBETH,† and many more dramas, l ove’s fatal potential to provoke vengeance or the quest for earthly power is powerfully feltRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello1209 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Down Shakespeare s Othello comprises of the subjects betrayal, affection and dishonesty. At the focal point of this play is the lamentable ruin of Othello because of his so-called friend Iago. In this paper I will be examining the explanations behind and against Othello being in charge of his defeat through taking a gander at critical interpretations of his character and activities. Othello was profoundly in charge to his own destruction as Iago demonstrating to him to be gullible andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Othello1385 Words   |  6 PagesFor the time Othello was set in, 16th century Elizabethan society held strong socioeconomic roles that governed social statuses. In Shakespeare’s Othello, class positions become a theme that emphasizes power as a major role in relationships. In the case of Othello, a general of the Venetian army, and Iago, one of his trusted advisors, that power struggle is the force that dominants the play and leads to the disastrous and memorable ending. Machiavelli’s treatise, The Prince, examines the dynamicRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, And Othello Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesable to find these undertones and pieces of symbolism in the plays of Everyman, by Peter van Diest, and Othello, by William Shakespeare, the easiest to explain. If you were like me in high school, this essay might be ab le to help hone your ability to see these symbolisms easier. This analysis will go over the strong religion behind the play of Everyman, and the idea of â€Å"the Other† in the play Othello. The play of Everyman starts out with a messenger, and he demands everyone to settle down so they can

Discrimination Lives Within Everyone Essay - 1013 Words

Racial discrimination has affected the world in many ways. Historically in the United States there have always been racial issues between the African Americans and white Americans. Most African Americans were sidelined in all areas of economic, political and social growth. Whites were seen to be more superior, which led to segregation of housing, schools, restaurants, hotels, and transportation. Equally concerning, are the instances of religious discrimination that still occur in this country. Even though we have made important advances in race relations, we still face serious racial and religious discrimination in the United States. During the 1950s until the mid 1970s African Americans fought for their rights to have equality in†¦show more content†¦One of the most famous historical marches was the march in Birmingham, Alabama. This is where Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. visited his associated organization and discussed the a nonviolent movement through the streets of Birmingham. King was arrested for violating a state policy of assembling a protest and spent time in solitary confinement. During King’s time alone he wrote a letter to the clergymen of Alabama stating that he was wrongfully arrested and that he had good reason for being in Birmingham. â€Å"King stated that he was the president of the SCLC organization, and he was invited to Birmingham because he had ties there in Birmingham† (King 222). Another form of discrimination that plagues us today is reverse discrimination. Reverse discrimination is a controversial term referring to discrimination against members of a dominant or majority group, including the city, state, or country in favor of a minority or historically disadvantaged group. Martha Gellhorn author of â€Å"White into Black† told her story dealing with racial discrimination during the 1950s in Haiti. Martha Gellhorn was a white author who went to Haiti to write a book and found herself mistreated by her own ethnic race. She was treated as if she was a minority and did not fit in because she was an outsider. â€Å"Gellhorn quoted at the end of her story thatShow MoreRelatedThe First Amendment Of The United States Constitution1745 Words   |  7 PagesIt may not seem like this problem is affecting every person directly but if it is affecting other people within the country, it is affecting everyone. There are stereotypes about all different religions and there is a misunderstanding between accepting and approving, which causes religious discrimination in many parts of people’s lives. One of the religions that is facing a lot discrimination is the Muslim religion. Many people openly display negative feelings towards this religion and do not treatRead MoreUnti 12 Nvq Level 3 Health and Social Care803 Words   |  4 Pagesequality is giving everyone equal opportunities and treating everyone fairly but not the same. c) inclusion is including everyone in the activity and not leaving anyone out. d) discrimination is being prejudice about certain factors of someones life such as gender, sexual orientation, race etc. This means that people use these factors against individuals so that they do not get the job they applied for or are treated poorly etc. 1.2 The potential effects of discrimination include low self-esteemRead MoreHow Much Do We Know About Ourselves?1179 Words   |  5 Pageswe perceive others. We may criticize others without even realizing we do the same thing as them. However, the terms stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination is often used in everyday conversations interchangeably (Baron, 18). The term stereotype refers to a belief of a group of people. I believe people stereotype because it is easier to see people within a group than to be able to categorize people individually. The term prejudice refers to a feeling of a person based in the group they are associatedRead MoreInstitutional DIscrimination is Unjust716 Words   |  3 PagesDiscrimination, unjust judgment on others based on their characteristic which within a company will institutionalize. Institutional discrimination means a group is seen a certain way that an institution encourages or dislike for employee, interns, or student while interpersonal dis crimination discriminations against people based on a personal views. Though discrimination was more common in the times of slavery and women as ‘stay at home moms’ but it still exist in the modern times of the last tenRead MoreGood and Bad Discrimination1173 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: Good And Bad Discrimination Good And Bad Discrimination Theresa Branch Robert Morris University Professor Anderson Argument Research When the word discrimination is brought up there is an automatic negative response, due to the fact that most have this idea that there is only bad discrimination. This comes from people using stereotypes and being prejudice which creates detrimental situations. However, when a person discriminates it does not mean they are trying to beRead MoreDiscrimination : A Long Way From The Color Of Their Skin Is Ignorant And Petty1575 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination has come a long way from where it used to be. People are starting to realize that hating other people just for the color of their skin is ignorant and petty. Just because someone is different than you is no reason to show little tolerance towards them. Take in the differences with open arms, make the people who may be different then you feel welcome. The progress that has been made with discrimination is outstanding, however, there is always going to be people who are too fullRead MorePrejudice and Discrimination Essay example1193 Words   |  5 PagesUnfortunately due to our past history, discrimination had been among us from since decades. Discrimination and prejudice would probably be among us until the end of the world. Prejudice and discrimination is an action that treats people unfairly because of their membership in a particular social group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs to rather on that individual. It is an unfair treatment to a person, racial group, and minority. It is an action based on prejudice. In thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Woodrow Wilson High School1311 Words   |  6 PagesLife within a group that tends to be over looked or down played at times can be quite deadly. Throughout life, many different groups, categories, cultures, and identities will take the toll of action while one is responding either to you or about you. The film I analyzed is Freedom Writers, which is based on a dedicated teacher of the white or Caucasian ethnic group. White being the dominate group in America that tends to have many privileges, which the teacher Erin Gruwell took the notion to stepRead MoreEquality, Diversity And Rights Of Health And Social Care Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 2- Equality, diversity and rights in health and social care BMC151629682 Zara Ahmed Hayley Walls â€Æ' Explain the concepts of equality, diversity and rights in relation to health and social care Within the sector of health and social care the concepts of equality, diversity, and rights have made a huge impact in relation. All three concepts have benefited the health and social care segment which has resulted in all service users being treated equally no matter what their differences may be. ARead MoreDiversity: Discrimination and Service Users1377 Words   |  6 Pagesoften defined as treating everyone the same. True equality means treating everyone differently in order to treat them the same. 3. What is meant by Inclusion Inclusion is the action or state of including or being included within a group. The term inclusion is seen as a universal human right and aims at embracing all people irrespective of race, gender, disability, medical or other need. It is about giving equal access and opportunities and getting rid of discrimination and intolerance.

Why We Must Study Theologies Sometimes Mess Up Your Brain

Have I told you that studying theologies sometimes mess up your brain? There are lots of theologians who are studying different things, especially in the area that we call â€Å"systematic theology.† Some of the systematic theology studying is related with Bible, studying every verse by verse, and mark up each verses like, this is what Jesus said, this is what disciples understood not directly from Jesus, this one is very similar with some other religions’ ancient praises. Also, when I got in the Methodist Theological University in Seoul Korea, my first theology professor had taught me about salvation which I still cannot understand how could he teach like that in theological university. But he mentioned that salvation can be also belongs to other religions blah blah. So there are people who studies theologies and scriptures, and think about why people study that. As we’ve seen from today’s scripture, even disciples or the followers of Christ who slept, eaten, walked, and discussed many of different things together, could not understand what jesus was talking about when Jesus told them about eat his flesh and blood for eternal life. That made them to think that ‘He may not someone who came from God since I cannot understand what that guy is talking about.† The apostle John said, â€Å"many of his disciples† got confused by the words that Jesus said, but he was not meant 12 disciples. Jesus had much more followers who were following Christ all the time. Christ teaching was hardShow MoreRelatedPersonal Theory Paper4363 Words   |  18 PagesPersonal Theory Paper In partial fulfillment of the assignment submitted to Dr. Max Mills PACO 507 Theology and Spirituality in Counseling Lynn C. Ball Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary May 8, 2015 Abstract I stumbled through the first thirty-eight years of life attempting to mask the hurts caused by myself and others. I was my own worst critic fueled by raging addictions and chaos; searching to find a perfection that could never be achieved. Life was a hurricane of madnessRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesphotocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations

Coffee Consumption Digestive Tract Cancers -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Coffee Consumption Digestive Tract Cancers? Answer: Introducation The primary outcome of the study had been to explore the overall risk factors, both multivariate and relative, due to excessive caffeine consumption and its impact on the digestive tract carcinogenesis. The study took into consideration different cases involving 1944 control subjects in total, with 1334 males and 610 females. Out of the total number of control subjects, 38% were admitted due to traumatic conditions, 15% had non- traumatic orthopaedic disorders, 34% had had acute surgical conditions, and 13% had other unrelated illnesses. The appropriateness of the control samples can be justified by the fact that none of the control subjects had neither existent malignancy nor digestive tract disorders; hence the outcome of the research can be authentically explored. The limitations can be the fact that investigators excluded all chronic and the digestive tract disorder from the comparison group. There had been 455 case subjects with colon cancer, and the multivariate risks associated with coffee consumption was 0.64. However, the research study discovered significant inverse trends in the risk factor in relation to coffee consumption in case of colon cancer recipients. The strength of the control set for colon cancer had been the fact that there had been no noticeable interaction between coffee consumption with references to colon cancer, the strengths are that it provides an opportunity for obtaining a pattern of risks for different digestive tract neoplasms, for which the stat for protection was much higher than any other cancer type. The limitations are that the investigators excluded all chronic and the digestive tract disorder from the comparison group. Use of coffee is the only exposure factor which is used to show a positive relationship with the colorectal cancer. Results demonstrate that there were noteworthy inverse patterns detected for coffee consumption in relation to the possibility of the colon cancer (multivariate relative hazard, 0.64) and rectum (relative hazard, 0.66). The protection however was higher in case of the colon cancer and less apparent in case of rectal cancer. Moreover, in case of the rectal cancer, the neoplasm protection was restricted to males, of younger age groups. The relationship between coffee drinking and diseases of the colon and rectum was additionally inspected in particular strata of age, sex, and other major covariates. The bias which I can found after reading this study is that the investigators had taken 1334 males and 610 females. The type of in this article is the sampling bias. A bias in the case control study is harmful as it may cause inaccuracy in the assessment. It also causes harms to the relationship and results in the disturbance in the relationship between the risk factor and the disease. The sampling bias is a type of systemic error caused due non-random selection of the population, which causes the differentiation in the selection of the sample. Malignancy is associated with many risk factors, such as smoking and drinking which had been adjusted in the result of the research study. However, the impact of smoking and drinking had been omitted as confounders due to the fact that both these factors have already been established as carcinogenic. This study explored the effect of coffee consumption and its relation to the process of carcinogenesis of the digestive tract. As the results of the study clearly indicated at the lack of any association of coffee consumption and increase in the risk factor with carcinogenesis, I trust the verdict unequivocally. The research design of the study is qualitative cohort analysis. This study explores the correlation between consumption of coffee along with meat, milk, cheese, eggs and green salad with possibility of fatal colon or colorectal cancer. The participants those were selected are 27,829 peoples from the California Seventh-Day Adventists. They were followed up for 21 years and was found that cheese, meat, milk or green salad does not have any relationship with the cancer but use of egg and coffee causes cancer. The primary outcome of the study was to discover the influence of dietary choices involving the said components on the mortality rates associated with colon or colorectal cancer. There were two groups of exposure of colorectal cancer studied in the article, light and heavy exposure. The difference as evaluated in terms of relative risks. For meat, cheese, milk and green salad, there were no relative risks discovered. In case of eggs, the relative risk had been higher for fatal colon cancer; coffee use was associated with the risks for both colon and colorectal cancer. The strength of the exposure analysis was that it had Adventist population as sample and evaluated the differential exposure with dose-response relationship. The limitations were the use of self-administered questionnaires, accuracy of the actual cause of death, and incidence rates of colorectal cancers. Results indicated that lack of any significant relationship between the use of meat or poultry and death from either colon or rectal cancer considered alone or in combination. Consumption of eggs was associated with fatal colon cancer, with relative risks 1.6 and 1.7 for males and females respectively. Coffee consumption was associated with both colon and colorectal cancer especially for males with a relative risk of 3.5. There is a significant bias in the study, the questionnaires were self administered which opens up the possibility of extreme bias, where as recall bias has also been associated with the study. The types of bias for a cohort study are selection bias, follow up bias and preventing loss to follow up bias. Selection bias may occur if the choice of the subjects in a cohort study is not related to the topic. The only way for preventing the loss to follow up is by maintaining the follow up rates. According to Vecchia et al., cases and controls originated from well practically identical catchment territories, they were met in a comparable setting. It has been appeared, for example, that patients conceded for unending illnesses tend to report bring down espresso utilization than those in healing center for intense conditions. While Philips and Snowdon, trust that Coffee utilize was the main presentation variable which reliably demonstrated a significant positive association with both colon and rectal growth in the two guys and females. There is a significant difference between the findings of both studies, whereas the study by Vecchia et al indicated coffee consumption to be completely unrelated with the possibility of colon cancer, the study by Phillip et al indicated coffee to be a significant risk factor for colon and colorectal cancer. However, the difference in the findings in both the article can be due to the exposure statistics, where the article by Vecchia et al only concentrated on the consumption of coffee, the one by Phillip et al, included several other variables as risk factors which may have clouded the verdict to some extent. Moreover the sampling design is also a bit different in both of the studies, the study by Vecchia et al, eliminated all possible confounding factors to ensure that minimal bias is introduced in the article. Whereas in the article by Phillip et al, the sampling population had been Adventist and the exposure was studied in terms of dose response, hence the verdict can be differen t due to the introduction of dose-response mode of evaluation as well. References: La Vecchia, C., Ferraroni, M., Negri, E., D'Avanzo, B., Decarli, A., Levi, F., Franceschi, S. (1989). Coffee consumption and digestive tract cancers. Cancer Research, 49(4), 1049-1051. Phillips, R. L., Snowdon, D. A. (1985). Dietary Relationships With Fatal Colorectal Cancer Among Seventh-Day Adventists 2. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 74(2), 307-317.

Digitization Competitive Advantage

Question: Discuss about theDigitizationfor Competitive Advantage. Answer: Introduction Competitive advantage is a value which an organization gains or make for its customers. This value increases the organizations value for making it. Value is what purchasers are willing to gain. For any organization superior value comes from offering services at a lower price than the competitors, and providing unique benefits to the organization. This study discusses the tools that organizations utilize to understand and analyze the competitive surroundings. The role that strategic alignment plays between the objectives and goals are also studied in this report. The advantages of data management, the importance of web2 and web3 technologies, and threats that enterprises face because of dynamic and complex technological environment are also highlighted in this study. Tools Organizations Utilize to Understand and Analyze the Competitive Environment Porters 5 Forces Tools The competitive methodology should be grown-out with a sophisticated comprehension of rules for the competitive environment which increases the customers attractiveness towards the organization. Bargaining power of purchasers: The purchasers have the authority to demand high-quality products at a lower price from the producers that is when the organizations bargaining power is fortified. The low price implies lower revenues for the manufacturer, whereas, high-quality products have already raised the production expenses (Grembergen, 2000) . The risk of Fresh Entry: This tool regulates how simple it is to enter a specific industry. If an organization is profitable as well as there are only a few obstacles to entering, rivals soon increases. When more enterprises compete for a similar market share, the benefits begin to fall. It is fundamental for existing enterprises to create high obstacles for new entrants. Bargaining power of providers: A strong bargaining authority permits suppliers to sell high price and low-quality raw materials to its clients. This straightaway affects the purchasing firms benefits as it has to pay more for such materials. The threat of utility: This tool is particularly used for threatening where purchasers simply find utility products with amazing prices and better quality, and they also switch from one service or product to other incurring low costs. Rivalry among new competitors: This tool is a leading determinant of how profitable and competitive an organization is. In a competitive organization, organizations have to contend sharply for the market share, which brings low profits (Grembergen, 2000) . Role that Strategic Alignment Plays Between Objectives and Goals The alignment of the data innovation and data framework portfolio with business technique is a repeating movement for advanced ventures. The arrangement is the perpetual business diagram topper on main ten arrangements of IT issues. The demonstration after the Capability Maturity framework created via Carnegie Software's Engineering Institute, however, centered on a more key arrangement of business practices, this device has effectively been tried at more than 50 global organizations, and now the subject of a benchmark study supported by the Society for Information Management and the Conference Board (Clark, 2005). The essential target of the evaluation is to distinguish particular proposals for enhancing the arrangement of IT and the business. The relationship between the business procedure and IT technique and the impact of association culture on this vital arrangement in firms will frame the premise of the exploration in this examination. Accordingly, the writing inspected here wi ll study the significant research and practice in the business-IT vital arrangement area with the end goal of determining an examination system, or model, of business-IT vital arrangement that will join the key standards contained in the writing. The arrangement of the key vision to representative profitability is a key donor to the achievement of an association. This alignment energizes and empowers representatives' imagination so that they can perform all the more viable to understand the hierarchical objectives and destinations (Clark, 2005). Technology that Facilitates the Achievement of Objectives At the point when the key vision is ideally adjusted to the mission and objectives of the association, it ought to give courses to the association. An association may speak to a business or a scholarly foundation. At the point when this vital vision is decidedly adjusted in the scholarly world, it brings about the expanding worker profitability, monetary profit, higher understudy enlistment, and the general improvement of the foundation (Golab and Ozsu, 2010). Improvement in Alignment Alignment is improved by surpassing normal developments and delaying the upper hand, associations that have a solid vision may accomplish higher benefits and strategic alignment must be improved with the help of this technique. The vital vision is commonly reliant on the improvement of a business technique and a supported upper hand to guarantee the persevering wellbeing of the business. It is the thought of a few creators that the key arrangement is a procedure as well as a device whereby they can consider the business esteem that associations may have, or not (Clark, 2005). Advantages of Data Management The smart organizations are concerned about their increasing return for financial investments in an information technology. Each organization will derive some benefits from its data quality as well as from its CRM initiatives. The benefits of data management are: Cost Reduction: The data quality management can bring noteworthy advantages in an organizations back-office functions. For example, incorporated billing, precise income bookkeeping, exact legal binding billings, unified credit management and also decrease in mailing cost (Ferrari, 2010). Controlling Redundancy: In an organizations record framework, every application has its own private document which cannot be shared between numerous applications. It can regularly prompt huge repetition in the outlet information, which brings wastage of the storage space. Consequently, it gives security to the data warehouse of an organization. Integrity must be implemented: The integrity of information implies that the information within the database should be constantly perfect so that the mistaken data cannot be stored in the database. To maintain the trustworthiness of customers for data, maintaining a few integrity imperatives is authorized on the database. Data Protection: The data are completely stored safely in the documents inside the organization to get security approval to such an extent that it can never be accessed by outsiders, and provide direct benefits of information security through a firmly controlled procedure. Therefore, business intelligence is performed perfectly with the help of data management. Importance for Firms to Adopt Technologies Web2 as Well as Web3 With the help of web 2 technologies, the data can be streamed uninhibitedly. The web clients can undoubtedly express their thoughts and feelings on things, with no dread or misgiving (Murata and Yamada, 2011). The web turns out to be more customized and the web clients have diverse requirements and inclinations. However, through this propelled innovation, they can obtain data that are custom-fitted as per their needs, interests and inclinations. It makes a site all the more user-friendly and useful. The web clients without much of a stretch can explore through the pages and discover the data they require. It enhances the route for both inner and outer pages, which is critical for different organizations in expanding their offers of items and administrations (Grembergen, 2000). Web 3.0 technology has been authorized to portray the advancement of web use and the association that incorporates changing the Web into a database. Web 3.0 is a time in which organizations will overhaul the back-end of the Internet, in coming ten years of concentrated toward the front-end (Murata and Yamada, 2011). This, therefore, drives the organizations to the thundering and mumblings that everyone started to find out about Web 3.0, which appears to furnish organization with an assurance that vague web-forming terminology is digging. Web 3.0 would be something much the same as a "read-compose execute" web. Web 3.0 is characterized by the formation of excellent substance and administrations delivered by talented people utilizing web 2.0 innovations as an empowering stage (Murata and Yamada, 2011). Threats Companies Face Because of Dynamic and Complex Technological Environment Artificial Intelligence: There are lots of issues related to artificial intelligence, firstly, nowadays organizations begin to make machines which make decisions just like humans, and however, these machines do not have ethics and probably never will. Secondly, once an organization builds frameworks which are as agile as humans, then it will surely be capable of making smarter machines, frequently mentioned as super intelligence. When the things go out of control, the rate of development, as well as the enlargement of machines, might increase exponentially (Gori Paparela, 2006). Ethical Issue: IT security organization frequently has access to confidential information and knowledge regarding individuals as well as organizations networks and frameworks that provide companies an outstanding deal of authority. For example, fraud is the risk that any organization can deal with (Grembergen, 2000). Hacking Issue: Most hackers access corporations framework and corporations data through its Internet connection. The digitization has likewise influenced hacking exercises. Because of the enactment about protection, business controls, and psychological warfare, organizations inspired by gaining the open doors that exist have created and produced complex security equipment and programming. The expanded refinement of these items has made the employment of the programmer more troublesome, and the easygoing programmer may moronically get when endeavoring to evade an appropriate security framework (Grembergen, 2000). Recommendations This study recommends that the successful digital transformation does not come from the execution of new technologies, but it comes from transforming organizations as well as to take benefits of the digitization which new technologies offer. The leading digital transformation initiatives are centralized on re-envisioning clients experience, operational procedures as well as business models. Highly skilled designers and developers working to understand competitive environment and make digitization simple. Conclusion It has been concluded that the digitization will quicken the association in developing with quicker business and innovation arrangements, extending the time period of working from areas of their accommodation, conveying more avenues to mark any organization. The dangers are relied upon to show up with expanded consistency and developing many-sided qualities. The best barrier against today's dangers comprises of receiving best practice and applying them by working together with thorough security arrangements. References Clark, A. (2005). Agreement or alignment? [strategic influencer].Engineering Management, 15(5), pp.16-19. Eimhjellen, I. (2014). 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