Policy Tools Free Essays

Command and control regulation as defined by Michael Raegan(1987) is â€Å"a process or activity in which government requires or prescribes certain activities or behavior on the part of individuals or institutions, mostly private but sometimes public, and does so through a continuing administrative process, generally through specially designated regulatory agencies†. There is a history of command and control regulation as a policy instrument of the government in Trinidad and Tobago as evidenced by its placement in 2013 and 2014 budget in relation to the gaming ndustry. The gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is an illegal one, which operates without government regulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Tools or any similar topic only for you Order Now As stated in the 2013 budget Minister Howai â€Å"Mr. Speaker we intend to bring the gaming industry under more effective control and capture more fully the revenue that can accrue to the Treasury. The Gaming Industry offers a legitimate form of entertainment if it is properly regulated. It was proposed that effective May 2013 a series of regulations would be put into place to manage the industry until the comprehensive framework and control body was established. In the 2014 budget Minister Howai acknowledged that previous stated policy had not been fully implemented but that vital steps were underway, which included extensive consultations with various stakeholder bodies. According to Finance Minister, the Honorable Larry Howai, a comprehensive governance structure for the industry was developed over the last year. It will entail the establishment of a Regulatory Commission with the power to license premises, operators, suppliers and key employees. The new legislation will control the operations of what will be referred to as registered casinos. The primary advantage of command and control regulation towards the gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is that being an illegal practice (aside from pool betting halls), government has the legislative upper hand to determine what is to be regulated and how. Mitnick (1980) explains that a government need not know in advance its subjects preferences as in the case of voluntary instruments and little information is needed to establish the regulation as a result. Government can simply establish a standard and expect compliance (Howlett and Ramesh 2009) making it a highly cost and time efficient tool. Secondly regulation in itself allows for better co-ordination of government efforts and planning because of the predictability it entails (Howlett and Ramesh 2009). This is tied to the directness and specificity of the nature of command and control regulation. This predictability and directness of the regulation makes it easier and more suitable of an instrument in times of crisis or when an immediate response is needed, as noted by the Minister that the gaming industry is substantial and growing industry with the high prevalence to criminal activity and social ills thus immediate action needs to be aken to arrest the issue before it spirals, while reaping the benefits of increasing revenue at the same time. Command and control regulation is also more cost efficient than other instruments as well as publicly and politically appealing government’s part† (Howlett and Ramesh 2009) Although command and control regulation is cost effective especially when compared to other instruments it is still quite costly, as the cost of enforcement by regulatory bodies may be high due to further costs of information, investigation and prosecution which make the policy legalistic and adversarial(Hahn and Hind 1991). Another issue with command and control in the context of the gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is that the very nature of the industry is problematic. Private members’ clubs, slot machines etcetera which constitute the industry are all illegal activities that have been allowed to flourish without regulation, thus the administration of the regulatory framework is problematic as it needs to gain legitimacy and acceptance by an illegitimate structure. There has to be total co-operation on the part of all members of the gaming industry in order for regulation to be effective and adhered to. Dyerson and Mueller (1993) also state that regulation is often inflexible and does not offer consideration for individual circumstances, thus a one size fits all regulation of casinos, private members clubs etc does not take into account the size and profitability or extent of gambling taking place. This may lead to incompliance with the regulatory structure and undermining of the very framework government is trying to cement. A mixed approach to regulation could be used, a good example of which is self regulation, which would be more cost effective as government would not ave to foot the cost of â€Å"creation, administration and renewal of standards† (Howlett and Ramesh). However there is a tossup as to how effective and favorable alternative methods really are when one considers the social costs of ineffective or inefficient administration of voluntary standards, especially those related to non-compliance (Gibson 1994 and Karamanos 2001) The overall usefulness of this policy tool cannot be fully assessed as it has not been fully implemented and remains largely at the drawing board. This perhaps is a sign of its ineffectiveness and inability to meet the goals of the government. How to cite Policy Tools, Papers

Australia and New Zealand Banking Group

Question: Write an essay on Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited. Answer: Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ Bank) is one of the leading banks in the country, which is operating their business in the global market. The company has made good reputation across their customer base by providing best services and experience. The company is now interested to expand their business particularly in three countries which are France, Brazil and Korea (Piekkari, Welch and Welch 2014). All the targeted three countries belong to three different continents therefore different market is expected to respond to the expansion strategy. ANZ Bank is planning to expand their business in those markets by the help of acquisition or strategic partnership in the initial stage. The objective of this report is to analyze and, discuss the character of the three different markets. The formulation of strategy should be suitable for the local market that may not match with other country (Cavusgil et al. 2014). This report discusses about the potential problems of the market that are associated with the business and may influence the outcome. To invest in those market it is also important to understand the future market in those countries otherwise the business outcome will be negative. Cultural aspect also influences the business in the long term, which is also under the consideration of the report . After the discussion, suitable recommendations are given to implement the strategy of business expansion. Understanding market structure Market structure is dependent on the market condition, which is very important aspect of every business. Every company measures the level of competition before entering the market that helps to understand the volume of business and profitability. France French banking industry is saturated with lot of competitors who are operating their business in very low profit margin due to intense competition. Due to the intense competition in the market and most of the players are in the same category therefore France banking industry has perfectly competitive market structure (Jonsson and Foss 2011). In this type of market competitors, produce standardized product to their customer, which is more or less same in nature. Perfect competition market structure provides the ease of market entry and exit which is beneficial for the large organization (Piekkari, Welch and Welch 2014). There are several competitors in the French market like Cooperative Banks of France, which is the market leader and Defunct Bank of France also produce good business in this market (Gilbert, Rasche and Waddock 2011). Brazil Banco Bradesco Financiamentos, HSBC, Banco PanAmericano and Citibank are the major competitors in Brazil. The Brazil banking industry is facing deep recession for the last five years and several large organizations is withdrawing the business from the country (Rugman, Verbek and Nguyen 2011). The current market situation is associated with the lot of uncertainty and competition is not structure properly. Many banking corporation is facing problem to gain profit, which has changed the market character. The market structure in Brazil is oligopolistic competition where barrier to market entry and exit is also high. Korea Korean banking industry poses highly monopolistic market structure where many competitors are available but all of them provide different kind of products to their customer. Therefore, to compete in the Korean market, it is very important to introduce customized product for their customer. Korea Exchange, Hanvit Bank and Korea Housing Bank are the main market leader, which has almost 40% market share (Okoro 2012). Apart from that, several other national and regional banks are also operating their business in this market. Analysis of market size and profitability Market size and profitability is the primary focus of every business strategy because it provides the understanding the volume of the business for new entrants. To conduct the report, market size and profitability is discussed here. France The Banking market in France is quite big and many competitors operate with good volume of business. The total yearly volume of the business is near about 138 billion Euros. The last five years trend of French banking industry is good which shows a decent growth year after year, however 2014 has faced a negative growth due to international market (Kumar, Gaur and Pattnaik 2012). The average business in the banking sector is growing in a good pace and several international banking companies are entering the market because of the stable growth however, the profit margin is very low in this market due to perfect competition (Fdration Bancaire Franaise 2016). Brazil Brazilian market is highly vulnerable in terms of business volume however, the total market of the Brazilian banking industry is larger than France due to its business intensity, population and area. The total volume of business is expected near about 212.6 billion dollar in 2016 (Thomas White International 2016). Last five years trend of the Brazilian banking industry is also not good because it shows an unstructured growth. The market is highly influenced by the international market however; the profit margin is very high in this country. Most of the international banking corporation prefers Brazil for their business purpose because of the better profit margin (Chan, Finnegan and Sternquist 2011). The reason behind the more profit margins is the uncertainty of the market. The loan recovery rate is bad therefore, every ban charge higher rate of interest to the business organization. Korea Korean-banking industry is facing serious reforms in the recent time and the banking system is changing to bring the investment from outside. In spite of several problems in the national level, the banking sector in Korea has shown stable growth, which is the indicator of the stable business growth in the country. The average volume of business in this country is low however; the future scope of business is very high in this country. The number of competitors in this market is also low and the private sector banks are not having good strength due to the national policy of banking in the past (Kowalkowski, Kindstrm and Brehmer 2011). The profitability of the business is also high due to the monopolistic competition. If ANZ is able to introduce new products in this market then there is high chance to get good growth. Analysis of potential problem of each market Potential problem for establishing business in France is associated with the administrative department of the government that takes considerable time to provide permit. The government of France ranked 82nd in the world in terms of protecting foreign investors in terms of land acquisition and resolving insolvency. The tax rate of the government is also high that influence the profitability of the company. Since the rate of interest in the country is very low, therefore it is very difficult to start new business (Hashai 2011). The tax structure of France is also high therefore it is very difficult to operate business in high margin. In case of Brazil it is one of the liberated country for the business organization. The main problem of the country is the class between the local and national government, which take lot of time to proceed with the required permission along with the bureaucracy culture. Corruption is another potential problem for the foreign business organization in this country (Hutzschenreuter, Voll and Verbeke 2011). Local labour force belongs to the several unions therefore foreign investors have to continuously negotiate for the business growth. Brazil do not have good infrastructure therefore future business scope is less in this country however recently government has taken initiative to enhance the infrastructure development (Gabrielsson, Gabrielsson and Seppl 2012). The potential problem for business in Korea is associated with the bureaucratic culture of the government however; they are changing their views and encouraging foreign investors to establish their business in the country. In terms of business culture, the country has only one problem that is language otherwise Korean government is providing lot of benefit to the foreign investors (Solutions, 2016). The infrastructure of the country is very good and the labour force is also well educated that support the business. Analysis of future development Analyzing the current development of three countries, it can be said that Brazil has the highest scope to conduct more development in the country whereas France is already a developed country in terms of infrastructure development. Korea has also several aspects that can be developed in the country. The technology use is also good in Korea because several local companies are inventing new technology (Gabrielsson, Gabrielsson and Seppl 2012). The future business scope is best in Korea because the country has already good infrastructure and low corruption. The government of Korea also provide good land acquisition policy that help foreign investors. On the other hand, Brazil also has the opportunity to develop the country but the corruption of the country is slowing down the process. If Brazil implements foreign investment in their infrastructure development then ANZ bank will have lot of scope to increase their business (Buckley 2014). The Banking business is also good in this country because many local bank is operating their business therefore acquisition of such bank will help to get the initial infrastructure for the business (Hutzschenreuter, Voll and Verbeke 2011). If we consider the future business in France then it is weaker than Brazil and Korea. The scope of investment is less in this country however retail sector of the country also provide lot of opportunity for the banking sector. The volume business in future is less in France because of low infrastructure development investment (Rasche 2011). Impact of foreign exchange The impact of foreign exchange in the business is high due to the rate difference of several countries (Hutzschenreuter, Voll and Verbeke 2011). Operating business in such a country is beneficial for the investor because it will mark positive impact on the exchange of the foreign money to the business. According to the foreign exchange rate and policy, France is the suitable option for the banking investment because the foreign exchange rate is low for the foreign investors (Douglas and Craig 2011). The Stability of the business also depends on the foreign exchange because it helps in import and export of goods. In case of Brazil and Korea their currency rate is low therefore their foreign exchange rate is high which cost more to the exporting and importing of goods. However, Korea is still better for the business in terms of foreign exchange ratio whereas Brazil take lot of tax in this segment (Dhaliwal et al. 2012). In case of banking operation higher ratio of foreign exchange will gain more profit that is beneficial for ANZ bank. Impact of cultural aspect for market entry Every market has different characteristics that impose lot of influence to the business. When any foreign company establishes their business in different country then they face cultural difference first. The cultural difference is not only associated with the social factor however it also includes the national policy of the government to establish the business. The cultural aspect is mainly associated with the social culture of the country (Luo and Shenkar 2011). In case of France the cultural aspect of the business is associated the development of the economy. The country is among one of the most modern country that provide skilled labour support to the business organization (Piekkari, Welch and Welch 2014). The government of the country also supports foreign investment to improve the business standard. Therefore, investment in this country will be profitable in spite of low profit margin because low profit margin will be compensated by volume of business. In case of Brazil, the business culture is also good however, the economic stability of the country is low due to several reforms in the country (Rugman, Verbek and Nguyen 2011). The volume of the business may be low in this country but the margin of profit is very high that can compensate the business. The availability of the skilled labour is less as compared to France but the government also allows foreign workforce for the foreign investors (Hutzschenreuter, Voll and Verbeke 2011). Therefore, it also becomes profitable for the ANZ bank to establish their business in Brazil. Korea has one of the strongest economies in the Asia pacific region because their government is allowing the foreign investor in recent time. The growth of the business is the highest in the continent. The nation labour of the country is country is well skilled and educated to support the business (Luo and Shenkar 2011). According to the measures of market entry France has the suitable options for the foreign investors whereas Brazil and Korea is still introvert as compared to France. Conclusion From the above report, it can be summarized that the international business opportunity in France, Brazil and Korea is good that provide lot of flexibility to the banking business. The cultural aspect of three countries is positive however, difference in the local skilled labour will make a difference to the business. Most importantly, the policy of the governments in Korea and Brazil is comparatively lesser than France. The infrastructure of France is already developed whereas Korea and Brazil has lot of scope to develop their infrastructure with the help of banking investment. Most importantly Brazil and Korea banking industry is associated with lot of local players, therefore it is easier to acquire other companies with their development in the business. In France, most of the companies are large organization and the local banks do not have the infrastructure to develop their business. Therefore, it is difficult to acquire other companies in France however; strategic alliance is t he best option to establish business in France. Last five year data of the banking sector in three countries is also associated with good growth therefore the trend of the business is suggesting to acquire or merge other organization to establish their business. Recommendations Adoption of Different Culture: ANZ Bank has top adopt different cultures to establish business in other countries. The company also need to adhere to the government policy because the financial market system of different country is different. Building of Strategic Alliance: Company should establish their business first in France through strategic alliance because acquisition cost high. With the help of strategic alliance company can get a customer base and the existing business. Evaluation of Business Scope: ANZ has to evaluate the business scope in Brazil to find out the situation of the business. The company should step very carefully due to the problem of workers union. Company should hire skilled labour to operate business in Brazil. Business Expansion to Korea: Korea is the best place to expand the business because it has the infrastructure and the government is encouraging investors. Due to many local players in the country, ANZ bank should acquire other company to establish their business. Reference List Buckley, P.J., 2014. International integration and coordination in the global factory. InThe Multinational Enterprise and the Emergence of the Global Factory(pp. 3-19). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Chan, P., Finnegan, C. and Sternquist, B., 2011. Country and firm level factors in international retail expansion.European Journal of Marketing,45(6), pp.1005-1022. Dhaliwal, D.S., Radhakrishnan, S., Tsang, A. and Yang, Y.G., 2012. Nonfinancial disclosure and analyst forecast accuracy: International evidence on corporate social responsibility disclosure.The Accounting Review,87(3), pp.723-759. Douglas, S.P. and Craig, C.S., 2011. Convergence and divergence: Developing a semiglobal marketing strategy.Journal of International Marketing,19(1), pp.82-101. FBF - Fdration Bancaire Franaise. (2016).Overview of the french banking industry. [online] Available at: https://www.fbf.fr/en/french-banking-sector/overview/overview-of-the-french-banking-industry [Accessed 28 May 2016]. Gabrielsson, P., Gabrielsson, M. and Seppl, T., 2012. Marketing strategies for foreign expansion of companies originating in small and open economies: the consequences of strategic fit and performance.Journal of International Marketing,20(2), pp.25-48. Gilbert, D.U., Rasche, A. and Waddock, S., 2011. Accountability in a global economy: The emergence of international accountability standards.Business Ethics Quarterly,21(01), pp.23-44. Hashai, N., 2011. Sequencing the expansion of geographic scope and foreign operations by born global firms.Journal of International Business Studies,42(8), pp.995-1015. Hutzschenreuter, T., Voll, J.C. and Verbeke, A., 2011. The impact of added cultural distance and cultural diversity on international expansion patterns: A Penrosean perspective.Journal of Management Studies,48(2), pp.305-329. Jonsson, A. and Foss, N.J., 2011. International expansion through flexible replication: Learning from the internationalization experience of IKEA.Journal of International Business Studies,42(9), pp.1079-1102. Kowalkowski, C., Kindstrm, D. and Brehmer, P.O., 2011. Managing industrial service offerings in global business markets.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,26(3), pp.181-192. Kumar, V., Gaur, A.S. and Pattnaik, C., 2012. Product diversification and international expansion of business groups.Management International Review,52(2), pp.175-192. Luo, Y. and Shenkar, O., 2011. Toward a perspective of cultural friction in international business.Journal of International Management,17(1), pp.1-14. Okoro, E., 2012. Cross-cultural etiquette and communication in global business: Toward a strategic framework for managing corporate expansion.International Journal of Business and Management,7(16), p.130. Piekkari, R., Welch, D. and Welch, L.S., 2014.Language in international business: The multilingual reality of global business expansion. Edward Elgar Publishing. Rasche, A., 2011. A Necessary SupplementWhat the United Nations Global Compact Is (and Is Not). InCorporate Social and Human Rights Responsibilities(pp. 52-76). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Rugman, A.M., Verbeke, A. and Nguyen, P.C.Q.T., 2011. Fifty years of international business theory and beyond.Management International Review,51(6), pp.755-786. Solutions, E. (2016).South Korea financial services analysis and data from The EIU. [online] Eiu.com. Available at: https://www.eiu.com/industry/financial-services/asia/south-korea [Accessed 28 May 2016]. Thomas White International. (2016).Brazil | Banking Sector | Banks | Credit Growth. [online] Available at: https://www.thomaswhite.com/global-perspectives/brazil-banking-retail-segment-driving-growth/ [Accessed 28 May 2016].

A Comparison Contrast Of A Brave New World And 1984 Essays - Fiction

A Comparison Contrast Of A Brave New World And 1984 Essays - Fiction A Comparison Contrast of A Brave New World and 1984 Although many similarities exist between Aldous Huxley's A Brave New World and George Orwell's 1984, the works books though they deal with similar topics, are more dissimilar than alike. A Brave New World is a novel about the struggle of Bernard Marx, who rejects the tenants of his society when he discovers that he is not truly happy. 1984 is the story of Winston who finds forbidden love within the hypocrisy of his society. In both cases, the main character is in quiet rebellion against his government which is eventually found to be in vain. Huxley wrote A Brave New World in the third person so that the reader could be allotted a more comprehensive view of the activities he presents. His characters are shallow and cartoon-like (Astrachan) in order to better reflect the society in which they are entrapped. In this society traditional notions of love and what ideally should come out of it have long been disregarded and are now despised, "Mother, monogamy, romance. High spurts the fountain; fierce and foamy the wild jet. The urge has but a single outlet." (Huxley 41) The comparison to a wild jet is intended to demonstrate the inherent dangers in these activities. Many of the Brave New World's social norms are intended to 'save' its citizens from anything unpleasant through depriving them of the opportunity to miss anything overly pleasant. The society values, ACOMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY," (Huxley 1) supersede all else in a collective effort. Soma, the magical ultimate drug is what keeps the population from revolting. "What you need is a gramme of soma... All the advantages of Christianity and alcohol; none of their defects." The drug is at the forefront of their daily lives providing freedom from life's every ill. "The word comes from the Sanskrit language of ancient India. It means both an intoxicating drink used in the old Vedic religious rituals there and the plant from whose juice the drink was made- a plant whose true identity we don't know." (Astrachan) The drug is used as a form of recreation, like sex, and its use is encouraged at any opportunity, especially when great emotions begin to arise. They are conditioned to accept this to calm and pacify them should they begin to feel anything too intensely. The conditioning also provides them with their place and prevents them from participating in social activities which they needn't take part in. (Smith) Class consciousness which Americans are so reluctant to acknowledge is taught through hypnop?dia (the repetition of phrases during sleep akin to post hypnotic suggestion) for all social classes: These names are letters in the Greek alphabet, familiar to Huxley's original English readers because in English schools they are used as grades- like our As, Bs, etc.- with Alpha plus the best and Epsilon minus the worst. In Brave New World, each names a class or caste. Alphas and Betas remain individuals; only Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons are bokanovskified. (Astrachan) The conditioning is begun at an extremely young age and is by modern real-world standards cruel, AThe screaming of the babies suddenly changed its tone. There was something desperate, almost insane, about the sharp spasmodic yelps to which they now gave utterance." (Huxley 20) The children's "Pavlovian" conditioning with electric shocks is later compared to the wax seals which used to grace the seams of letters (Astrachan), "Not so much like drops of water, though water, it is true, can wear holes in the hardest granite; rather, drops of liquid sealing-wax, drops that adhere, incrust, incorporate themselves with what they fall on, till finally the rock is all one scarlet blob." The entire society is conditioned to shrink away from intense emotion, engage in casual sex, and take their pacifying Soma. In 1984, a first-person book partly narrated by the main character's internal dialogue, the great party leader is "Big Brother," a fictional character who is somewhat more imposing than "Ford," of Huxley's book, named after the industrialist Henry Ford (Astrachan). The main character Winston fears Big Brother and is much more aware of his situation than any of the characters in A Brave New World who are constantly pacified by soma. In A Brave New World

Should whether you live depend upon where you live essay

Should whether you live depend upon where you live essay Should whether you live depend upon where you live? essay Should whether you live depend upon where you live? essayThe different legislation at the state level reveals the difference in the development of provision of citizens with basic services and their protection from possible risks and threats. In such a situation, the debate concerning the policy conducted by the government at the state and federal level focuses on the main issue, whether citizens should stand on the equal ground nationwide or count on the state legislation and regulations.The problem is the result of the disparity between the federal and state legislation and policy. In this regard, the principle of federalism implies the autonomy of states and sovereignty of people. In such a way, citizens can count on the development of policies at the local level oriented on meeting interests and needs of the local population. At this point, the argument of proponents of federalism, who insist on the unification of norms and standards that regulate the standards of health care ser vices and social work, is inconsistent.However, the difference in federal and state policies does not mean the inferior position of some citizens compared to others. Federal policies should set minimal standards, while state policies should count on available resources and enhancement of policies to improve the quality of life of the local population. The development of effective policies depends on the potential of each state.Thus, the development of federal and state policies may vary but federal norms and standards set the minimal level of the provision of basic services that should be available to people nationwide.

To What Extent Does The Philosophy of The Upanishads Represent A Essay

To What Extent Does The Philosophy of The Upanishads Represent A Continuation Of The Vedic Tradition Answer With Particular Reference To The Following Key Con - Essay Example The idea of sacrifice in the Vedas has more an inward orientation. Sometimes this has resulted in even atheist thinking with in Hinduism. Later compositions often cite the authority of the Vedas as the more orthodox of Hindu scriptures. Many of the ideas in Hinduism like Dharma, Moksha and Karma are a matter of confusion even for the best of minds. Some times even the Vedas and Upanishads may not give the faithful clarity of mind. However, the search for truth by itself is a spiritual experience even when one has unsolved question in the mind. The essay concludes by the assertion that the Vedas are the ultimate spring from which other scriptures took their origin. Scriptural authority in Hinduism has many levels. (Lipner, 1988, P.26) In other religious texts the idea of inspiration, which is very sacrosanct and rigidly defined, is left somewhat vague in Hinduism. It is not even expected that all believers should fall in line with a canonical adherence to any doctrine as in other religions. â€Å"In an attempt to set monotheism firmly within the framework of classical Hinduism, Debendranath tried to find authority in the Vedas but became disillusioned with further study and decided that reason and conscience should be the test of the authority of any scriptural text.†(Brockington 176) In traditional Hinduism the Vedas have been given the status of the ultimate canonical text of divine knowledge. The word Veda means knowledge and it is applied in the sense of saving knowledge. It is interesting to note that many Hindus do not have any access to the Vedas .For all the real-time use many Hindus use other forms of scriptures. By about 400-300 BC the idea of â€Å" the four-Vedas† known as Chatur Vedas became an accepted canon. The four Vedas are The Rig, the Sama, Yajur and Atharava Veda .The Vedas contain a huge and diverse body of sacred language, which is directly or indirectly concerned with sacrificial ritual. The composition of the Vedas was a

Data Collection and Management Techniques for a Qualitative Research Assignment

Data Collection and Management Techniques for a Qualitative Research Plan - Assignment Example The interview is without a doubt the most frequently used source of data in qualitative studies like my proposed research. This is particularly because it offers the one-to-one format of data collection and thus allows room for gathering more detailed information. Interviews range from the highly structured style, where questions are determined before the interview, to the one with the open-end, then the conversational format. In qualitative research, the highly structured format is applied primarily so as to collect socio-demographic information (Flick, 2006). In most cases, however, interviews are more open-ended and less structured. Interviews involve the interviewer asking the same questions to all the participants, but the order of the questions, the diction and the type of follow-up may differ significantly. In this regard, I will be required to establish a rapport with the respondents so as to build up trust and allow the respondent to open up his true feelings, thoughts and i ntentions. Another important qualitative data collection technique that I will use is participant observation. This method will require me as a researcher to be part of the study population and be learning from within the community to establish the important information that makes part of the research. This kind of data collection requires one to learn the modes and way of life of the study population so that it becomes effective. Data collected through such method can be written down in a field note in addition to taking video footages and used as the reference for evaluation and analysis (Creswell, 2003). Generally, observation in qualitative research involves spending time in the setting. Field notes are written throughout the observation with the focus being on what is seen. Data collection can also be done through the use of focused group discussion where the researcher identifies a topic and the respondents discuss it. Such responses are analyzed carefully to give important information relating to the research.  

Public and Private Mental Health Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public and Private Mental Health Services - Essay Example This essay discusses that  more than 10 percent of the American adults experienced noticeable mental health issues because of recession alone due to the economic confusion. The observation was made between early 2006 and early 2009 as the significant periods in the recent history. This number is regardless of the millions of children demanding similar mental concerns and the new developments after that. In essence, there is a greater demand of mental concerns that have also been increasing with time and with significant margins.As the discussion highlights that  there is a significant contrast in quality delivered between the self-sponsored facilities and those financed by the government. The two are in the same industry with a similar specialization and line of operation yet they are never a similar thing albeit. Individuals who are capable of paying for their psychological healthcare services receive better services as compared to those who rely on government sponsored services in Virginia Beach. The government services have proved to have insufficient insurance or funds in a number of occasions. The self-paid services have no financial limitations and the patients can receive full treatment which is contrary to the alternate public services with cut-off points of halting the services.  The number of patients is also a concern in the facilities.