Managing crime part1 policing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Overseeing wrongdoing part1 policing - Assignment Example 6360 2004). By and large, the task centers around the changing job of police and wrongdoing the executives gauges throughout the years, examining on the primary elements of the police, and the expanding job of more secure neighborhood policing. The Changing Role: One of the significant changes that have happened in policing in the course of the most recent 100 years is in the job that ladies need to play. In prior occasions ladies spoke to irrelevant positions and jobs in policing (Villiers 2009). As recorded, â€Å"during the initial 100 years of law authorization in the United States, ladies were officially avoided from work in law enforcement† (Kurtz 2006, p.27). The circumstance has anyway changed throughout the years, with the current occasions giving more prominent chances and obligations to ladies. Subsequently while already there was an unmistakable separation among people concerning their jobs in policing, ladies are currently offered higher positions dependent on the ir exhibitions. They presently assume a basic job in settling on choices successfully improving the administration of the police. Feminization is truly considered in the current occasions empowering police power to take into genuine concerns the wrongdoings identified with assault, aggressive behavior at home and misuses, and kid sex misuse (Villiers 2009). Another significant change that has happened in police administration is in the relationship of the police with the security benefits that has successfully evolved throughout the years. The police and the security administrations have begun working in coordinated effort â€Å"with a significant increment in the assets accessible to the police and knowledge organizations to manage the fear monger threat† (Home Office 2009, p.62). Activities of counter fear based oppression have additionally expanded with time (Staniforth and Sampson 2012). Likewise challenges in police administration have expanded throughout the years. With that the police powers, in the present occasions, attempt to utilize propelled measures for avoidance and the board of wrongdoings (Murray 2000). It would thus be able to be said that the headways and points of interest that current day police administration

The Great Gatsby- The American Dream is a Flawed Ideal free essay sample

The American Dream incorporates the possibility that all individuals have the equivalent chance to accomplish thriving, freedom and joy through difficult work and assurance. Be that as it may, in all actuality this thought is defective and unachievable because of absence of equivalent chance and exorbitant realism. This is stressed in both F Scott Fitzgerald’s tale, The Great Gatsby and in Langston Hughes’s sonnet, ‘Let America be America Again’, which is about the social disparity and shameful acts that happen in America today. In The Great Gatsby, the American Dream is imperfect through over the top realism and commercialization. Initially, the American Dream incorporated a longing for both otherworldly and material improvement, however this fantasy got tainted. Fitzgerald shows this through Gatsby, the hero of the novel. Gatsby communicates his riches through all the lavish and over the top material belongings and unrestrained gatherings. Gatsby’s material riches and sumptuous gatherings fill the need of incidentally filling the unfilled void inside Gatsby’s soul. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Great Gatsby-The American Dream is a Flawed Ideal or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page From this we can reason that the overemphasis on the material part of the fantasy cleared out the first otherworldly standards of dream. This is obvious by the analogy in â€Å"I got mindful of the old island here that had once blossomed for Dutch sailors’ eyes†¦ Its disappeared trees, the trees that had cleared a path for Gatsby’s house† which depicts that conventional qualities have been figuratively chopped down and supplanted with inordinate realism. Correspondingly, in Hughes’ sonnet, ‘Let America be America Again’. The American Dream is likewise adulterated through man’s want to increase material belongings. Hughes’ sonnet investigates the incredible want of The American Dream and the lengths that youngsters would experience to accomplish it. The representation in â€Å"tangled in that old, interminable chain of benefit, influence, and gain† portrays the insatiable idea of men, who have tangled both their psyches and bodies in the quest for riches. Thus, they, as Gatsby have additionally overlooked the genuine estimations of the American Dream, for example, fellowship and family. At last, the negative undertone and redundancy in â€Å"grab the land/snatch the gold/of claiming everything for ones own greed,† features the defilement of the possibility of success being substituted by an unquenchable yearn for material belongings, confirming the way that the American Dream is defective. In the Great Gatsby the American dream isn't conceivable on account of the social hindrances that exist between classes. This is appeared through the portrayal of Myrtle and George Wilson. Myrtle needs to get away from her own social class-she looks to accomplish this by engaging in extramarital relations with the affluent Tom Buchanan. This endeavor comes up short on the grounds that the social hindrances between classes will never permit that to occur. This ponders the debasement of qualities in the public eye, this thought is additionally re-implemented through the manner by which George Wilson is seen, appeared through the metaphor depicted in Myrtle’s activities in â€Å"She strolled through him as though he were a ghost†. Besides, the emotive language in â€Å"When you want to censure anybody, simply recollect that all individuals on the planet haven’t had all the points of interest that you’ve had†, depicts the way that not every person is brought into the world equivalent and not every person has the equivalent chance to accomplish their fantasies. Also, in Hughes Poem, the American Dream is connoted as unachievable as not every person is given equivalent chance. Hughes shows this utilizing Anaphora to introduce the points of view of different gatherings of Americans.â€Å"I am the poor white, tricked and pushed separated/I am the Negro bearing slaverys scars/I am the red man driven from the land† features the way that the American Dream has escaped an enormous piece of lower-class American culture in various manners, particularly Negros who have been dependent upon social imbalance and haven’t got equivalent open doors in life as different races. Moreover, the uti lization of allegorical language in â€Å"That any man be squashed by one above† portrays that there will consistently be a person or thing that will remain in people’s way and keep them from accomplishing their deepest desires, regardless of how respectable they are. Through the thought of subjects, for example, over the top realism and social disparity; we can value that the American Dream is imperfect in Hughes’ sonnet, â€Å"Let America be America Again† and in Fitzgerald epic, The Great Gatsby. It both the writings, it is a perfect that can't be accomplished by everybody. Besides, conventional virtues, for example, difficult work are debased, as society gets distracted with achieving material riches.

The Psychology of Small Group Behavior

Shaw, Marvin E. The Psychology of Small Group Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971 The position of authority of a gathering is the most significant part. Administration has been concentrated more than some other piece of a gathering. Hence there is so numerous approaches to characterize administration that others may have an alternate In 1953 Carter had four unique perspectives on authority. To begin with, the pioneer could be the one that everybody centers around. This implying the pioneer would be the one to talk the most and be the one to settle on the gatherings ultimate conclusion. More often than not in a gathering the pioneer is the focal point of consideration however not generally. In a setting where there is individuals mingling, who one would state the pioneer is could Second, the pioneer is the person who enables the gathering towards the objectives to set forward. This is one who keeps the gathering on target and keeps the gathering streaming. Carter found that it isn't in every case genuine in light of the fact that it is elusive the objectives of the Third, a pioneer could be somebody picked by the gathering to be the pioneer. This is somebody who the gathering would be the best for the position. Carter thinks this is just somebody who has the position of authority however not what they know and Fourth, in 1951 Cattell said that a pioneer is one who impacts the gathering. Truly anybody in the gathering can be pioneer because of how they impact the other bunch individuals. So in certain gatherings there doesnt must be a pioneer in light of the fact that everybody puts the entirety of the thoughts together to impact one another. Presently when individuals take about the pioneer it implies the individual who has impacted the gathering In my innovation there in every case should be a pioneer. Like in a finishing organization there is normally various groups of individuals. One does cutting another group does the mulching and planting of plants and

Advantages and the disadvantages of magistrates and jurors

In this article I expect to assess the adequacy of lay work force and the points of interest and the weaknesses of officers and members of the jury. Lay individuals (Magistrates) include lawful guides inside purposes of law and live locally as they need to live close with the goal that they realize the territory well. Likewise it is less expensive to send cases to lay justices than utilizing proficient adjudicators since they are less expensive and accomplish their work deliberately. Numerous judges are from a decent sexual orientation balance; this can profit them since they can get guys and females. Lay justices are not lawfully qualified which doesn’t help them as they could give an off base sentence when somebody is really blameless. They are not tantamount to cross area, as most judges are frequently seen as being moderately aged and white collar class. Likewise they indict one-sided, as they accept the police too early; there fore they could be condemning somebody honest. Also there is an irregularity in condemning, so guilty parties in various regions are condemned for various lengths of times for a similar offense. Justices originate from a ride scope of foundations than proficient adjudicators and are a lot more established at that point locale judges. Lay officers get paid a ‘stipe’ which is known as a â€Å"stipend† accordingly the term stipendiary originates from. Region judges sit in the area and magistrate’s court; an extra name for region judges is stipendiary appointed authorities. Lay judges are not legitimately qualified and don't get paid, where as stipendiary justices are lawfully qualified and land paid for there position. The upsides of having jury administration are that the legitimate framework turns out to be progressively open and equity apparently is done as individuals from the open mean to get reasonable outcomes and they are made without inclination. It likewise assists with keeping the law more clear as focuses must be disclosed to the jury, empowering the respondent to comprehend the case all the more without any problem. For the jury administration there is open certainty and it is an open arrangement of equity they are additionally viewed as a key piece of a fair society. The jury administrations are liberated from pressure during conversations and are shielded from outside impacts when settling on the decision. In spite of the fact that there is a ton of media impact and announcing data, which can imply that, the choice can be controlled. Different weaknesses of having the jury administration can be that they might be an instance of racial predisposition. In end there are numerous points of interest and impediments of the two justices and juries, which are that there is open certainty, reasonable outcomes without being predisposition and juries speak to the general population overall, this implies they are a major piece of a law based society. Then again the disservice of justices is that there is a great deal of media impact and there is additionally racial predisposition.

Reflection Precis Assignment Paper Science of Love - 550 Words

Reflection Precis Assignment Paper: Science of Love (Essay Sample) Content: First and last name, dateReflection prÃÆ'cis #1, The Science of LovePART I: This essay talks about the study of love and how social statuses influence various forms. Love is an emotional feeling of intense affection towards someone. There are three types discussed in this essay namely romantic, platonic and self-love. Education, income, gender, race and religion influence the kind of people we tend to love. According to Schwartz (2013), our choices for "the love of our lives occurs along predictable lines. People fall in love with individuals they often see because they either meet them in church, schools at their place of work. Regarding U.S Census Bureau (2012d), less than 10% of all U.S marriages are interracial or interethnic and only a third occur between people of different religions. In romantic relationships, individuals prefer partners who are geographically closer to them. Social issues also influence platonic love within the parties. Friendships arise from routine interactions with another person thus; it is not possible for a friendship to develop between people who have not interacted in any way whatsoever before. Friendships arise mostly from residents in the same neighborhoods, attending the same schools and church or working in the same place. However, they differ based on peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s socioeconomic status. The middle class have friendships with non-relatives and a large geographical distance between the participants does not act as a barrier as opposed to the working classes, whose friends are most likely relatives and are of close geographical proximity. The essay also points out that social situations influence self-love. The love and feedback we receive from our significant partners affect the level of self-love. Positive and encouraging comments from our loved ones increase our self-esteem and the vice versa also holds.PART II: Regarding romantic love, I am of the view that social statuses do not influence it. An indi vidual can fall in love with a person of a different race, education level and also of a different religion. Love is a feeling of the heart and cannot be influenced by anything that is not emotional. Here, the idea of "love at first sight" comes into play. I believe in love at first glance, and that relationships that arise from this kind of love grow and blossom into beautiful love affairs. I concur with the fact that friendships occur within people who have routine interactions be it social or economic. However, I detest the idea that bonds differ based on the par...

Nietzsches Antidote The Problem of Modern Science - Literature Essay Samples

In The Gay Science, Friedrich Nietzsche critiques the shortcomings and possibilities of modern science. In this critique, Nietzsche analyzes the limits of science, the ways in which science falsifies life, and the motivation for a scientific pursuit of knowledge. Although Nietzsche does not categorically reject science’s potential, he is extremely skeptical of its modern day use. His skepticism arises from what he believes is the fundamental problem of science: that it can describe the movement of particles, but it cannot explain human behavior. To explore this problem, Nietzsche employs a unique approach that is decidedly against science. Rather than approaching concepts in literal terms or hypotheses, he uses an interrogative method and irreverent style to aggressively challenge the value of a purely scientific view of the world and offer up his own â€Å"gay science.†Nietzsche’s critique is particularly concerned with what he believes are the limits of science . He argues that one fundamental limit of science is its limited ability to interpret. Science, Nietzsche argues, is alarming in the emphasis it places on the â€Å"external aspect of existence† (Nietzsche 335). He believes that before science, â€Å"philosophers were afraid of the senses,† but now, â€Å"all of us are believers in [them]† (332). This belief is present in modern scientists that â€Å"do research scientifically with their senses† to provide â€Å"an interpretation that permits counting, calculating, weighing, seeing, touching, and nothing more† (335). The reduction of everything to an interpretation that admits of only what one’s senses can perceive neglects what Nietzsche believes are the individual’s far greater faculties of reflection, comprehension, and understanding. He argues that a purely scientific interpretation that neglects such faculties might be â€Å"one of the most stupid of all possible interpretations of the world† in that it â€Å"would be one of the poorest in meaning† (335). He provides the example of a scientific interpretation of music to illustrate his point. Although it might be possible to â€Å"estimate the value of a piece of music according to how much of it could be counted, calculated, and expressed in formulas,† it would be an â€Å"absurd estimation† that would not have â€Å"comprehended, understood, or grasped any of what is music in [the piece]† (336). Art, like existence, is more than numbers and calculation. It is an equivocal, ambiguous experience that resists the constraints of a single interpretation.Nietzsche also believes that science is limited in its ability to explain. Although science tries to offer explanations, Nietzsche argues that all science provides us is better descriptions of the world around us. He points to the scientific process of cause and effect as an example. Scientists use cause and effect to infer th at â€Å"this and that has to precede in order that this or that may then follow† (172). However, this process â€Å"does not involve any comprehension† (172). Although a relationship is drawn between two things in cause and effect, scientists have â€Å"merely perfected the image of becoming without reaching beyond the image or behind it† (172). For example, scientists can use cause and effect to describe how a chemical reacts with another chemical to form a reaction, but the â€Å"quality [of the reaction] appears as a miracle† (172). Scientists cannot explain why the reaction produces the effects it does without turning to things they themselves have invented things like â€Å"lines, planes, bodies, atoms, divisible time spans, [and] divisible space† (172). All attempts at scientific explanation are therefore only attempts to â€Å"turn everything into an image[,] our image† (172). Science cannot provide a true explanation of the human e xperience. Rather, it allows us to â€Å"describe ourselves more and more precisely† (173). The limitations that Nietzsche identifies in science are critical in his critique of science as something that falsifies human life. Nietzsche sees science as something that contradicts much of what it means to be human. Science attempts to create a â€Å"world of truth that can be mastered completely and forever with the aid of reason† (335). However, such a world in Nietzsche’s mind would â€Å"permit existence to be degraded to a mere exercise for a calculator† (335). This world would â€Å"divest existence of its rich ambiguity,† creating â€Å"an essentially meaningless world† (335). The things that Nietzsche argues make us human our inability to know truth, the â€Å"fickleness of [our existence]† (111), our â€Å"freedom above things† (164) are rejected by science. Science claims one truth, denies the variability of existence, a nd constrains itself to the study of things. Nietzsche argues that by negating these aspects of authentic existence, science falsifies life.Nietzsche argues that science also falsifies life by negating the idea of multiple interpretations of existence. He claims that a fundamental aspect of human existence is the question of how far the â€Å"perspective character of [our] existence extends† (336). Put differently, Nietzsche questions whether there a limit to the human abilities of interpretation. He argues that this question is unanswerable, as â€Å"the human intellect cannot avoid seeing itself in its own perspectives and only in these [perspectives]† (336). We cannot separate ourselves from our existence and thus cannot define how far the perspective character of our existence extends. As a result of this inability, Nietzsche rejects the â€Å"ridiculous immodesty that decrees that perspectives are permitted only from one corner† and claims that â€Å"we ca nnot reject the possibility that [the world] may include infinite interpretations† (336). Science, however, does both of these things. It decrees that only scientific interpretations are permissible and rejects the idea of multiple interpretations. Science’s claim to enable the human to separate himself from perspective and provide a single objective interpretation falsifies what Nietzsche sees as another fundamental characteristic of life: the possibility of infinite interpretations of existence.Nietzsche argues that the final way in which science falsifies life is in its inability to consider the value of human life. Nietzsche sees human existence as something that has fundamental value, yet science cannot take account of this. Rather, it reduces life to actions and reactions and places value only in a single objective truth. Scientists claim that â€Å"nothing is needed more than truth, and in relation to it everything else has only second-rate value† (281). H owever, Nietzsche argues that placing value in truth is a human action whatever has value in our world â€Å"does not have value in itself, but [has been] given value at some time† (242). Science cannot take account of the human ability to create or appraise value. It treats the human as a â€Å"spectator and listener† and denies the human the outlet to â€Å"create [his or her] life† (241). Because science cannot consider the value of human life and claims a single truth, it â€Å"affirms another world than the world of life† (282). In affirming this world, science â€Å"negates its counterpart† (283) our world and falsifies life.Although Nietzsche is critical of science, he is still interested in what motivates the pursuit of knowledge in the discipline. He argues that the primary motivation behind a scientific pursuit of knowledge is the â€Å"demand for certainty† (282). Unlike philosophy, science satisfies the individual’s des ire for a single correct truth. Science provides â€Å"great certainty† and takes â€Å"something strange and reduces it to something familiar† (301). It satisfies the individual’s â€Å"unconditional will to truth† and appears to prevent the individual from being deceived (281). Nietzsche asks why the individual places such value in truth. He compares this absolute faith in truth to a faith in religion. Science claims truth is right because deception is wrong, but this is only a moral claim. In this sense, science is motivated by a â€Å"metaphysical faith† in truth that is comparable to a religious faith in God.Nietzsche argues that a scientific pursuit of knowledge is also motivated by weakness. Like a faith in religion, faith in science is â€Å"coveted most and needed most urgently where will is lacking† (289). Those who lack will do not have â€Å"sovereignty and strength† and rely on these faiths to provide a structure for how they should live their lives (289). Science satisfies those who are â€Å"mistrustful and evil† (104) by providing them what appears to be certainty. Nietzsche also suggests that the motivation to pursue science is a reaction to boredom. He claims that â€Å"those who have too much leisure do not know what to do with it except to read, collect, arrange, observe, and recount their scientific impulse is their boredom† (179). In both cases, science satisfies those who do not have the â€Å"strength of the will† to define their own existence and satisfy their desire for certainty (179).Nietzsche’s criticism of science is reflected in his approach to his critique. One of his overarching criticisms of science is that it lacks conviction. In a scientific approach to knowledge, a conviction is only permitted when it â€Å"descends to the modesty of hypotheses† or â€Å"a provisional experimental point of view† (280). Essentially, a conviction in sc ientific approach is only allowed when it â€Å"ceases to be a conviction† (280). In contrast, Nietzsche’s approach to knowledge can be seen as pure conviction. Unlike a scientific method that lacks will, Nietzsche’s method is guided by the â€Å"will to question further, more deeply, severely, harshly, evilly, and quietly than one has questioned heretofore† (36). Through this aggressively interrogative method, Nietzsche attempts to give his readers a jolting, fresh perspective on convention and propriety that forces them to look at common things in a new light. This method directly contrasts with science. Nietzsche does not feel the need to prove everything he does; rather, he avoids data, math, and proofs in favor of a â€Å"belief in forms, tones, and words† (38) and the will to question. Nietzsche’s interrogative method manifests itself in a unique style that is also opposed to science. He stresses the need of all individuals to â€Å"g ive style to one’s character† (232). Individuals, he argues, should â€Å"survey all the strengths and weaknesses of their nature and then fit them into an artistic plan until every one of them appears as art and reason† (232). In other words, Nietzsche argues that we develop our style when we unify our features and integrate our traits, habits, and actions. The importance he places on developing one’s own style is evident in his unique style. Unlike other philosophers of his time, Nietzsche refuses to approach philosophical concepts in straightforward terms. He persistently questions the logic behind traditional beliefs, values, and ways of thinking through a writing style that is sardonic, hyperbolic, and frequently metaphorical. Unlike science, which emphasizes the importance of uniformity and civility in style, Nietzsche writes in a manner that disregards conformity and formality in favor of variation and passion.Nietzsche’s interrogative method and irreverent style form an approach that challenges the usefulness of a purely scientific view of the human world. Although Nietzsche does not deny that science is effective in describing the world around us, he argues it cannot, in its current form, explain human behavior. He asks if social science is possible a science in which â€Å"artistic energies and the practical wisdom of life will join with scientific thinking† (173). The problem with such a science is a problem that Nietzsche raises with science in general throughout the book: that we cannot understand humans the way we understand non-living particles such as electrons because humans do not respond to stimuli the same way. As a result of this impossibility, he proposes an antidote to the state of modern science-based scholarship. Rather than toil in facts and formulas and become bogged down in the murkier aspects of our existence, humans must become â€Å"superficial out of profundity† (38). We must take delight in the aesthetic aspects of our existence and learn to â€Å"stop courageously at the surface, the fold, the skin, to adore appearance and to believe in forms, tones, and words† (38). We must reject a purely scientific view of the world in favor of a subjective view that celebrates our capacity to interpret, comprehend, and experience in an infinite number of ways. Nietzsche’s antidote to the state of modern scholarship a deliberately light-hearted â€Å"gay science† is created through his interrogative method and irreverent style.Nietzsche’s critique of science is a fascinating exploration of the limitations, falsifications, and motivations of modern science. In his critique, he explains how science is limited in its ability to interpret or explain, how science falsifies life by negating the authentic aspects of our existence, and how science is motivated by a metaphysical faith that is comparable to religion. He uses an interrogative method a nd irreverent style to challenge passionately the value of modern science in the human world and extol his own â€Å"gay† science. This antidote for modern scholarship seeks to celebrate the individual and the ambiguity of our existence. In creating a science that rests on aestheticism and subjectivity, Nietzsche rises above the role of a scientist and becomes an artist.

White Collar Crime Ponzi Scheme with a Focus on Bernard...

White Collar Crime: Ponzi Scheme with a Focus on Bernard Madoff NAME College White Collar Crime: Ponzi Scheme with a Focus on Bernard Madoff Most people, when they hear the word â€Å"crime,† think about street crime or violent crime such as murder, rape, theft, or drugs. However, there is another type of crime that has cost people their life savings, investors’ billions of dollars, and has had significant impacts of multiple lives; it is called white collar crime. The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines white collar crime as illegal acts which are characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and which are not dependent upon the application or threat of physical force or violence. Individuals and organizations†¦show more content†¦One victim, Michael Bienes, after being asked if he ever suspected that Madoff was up to no good, he responded, â€Å"Up to no good? He was a god. He was my life† (Lewis, 2011). Another victim describes him as â€Å"an approachable man† that â€Å"everyone looked up to†¦and respected† (Lewis, 2011). Carmen Dell’Orefice, former companion of Madoff’s â€Å"best friend,† Norman Levy, stated that â€Å"I think of him as always smiling,† â€Å"quiet and caring,† â€Å"shy, but so sure of himself† (Lewis, 2011). â€Å"He was able to fool a great many people for a very long time† (Lewis, 2011). Many times in a Ponzi scheme the offender targets people they do not know personally but not Madoff. He had family, friends, employees and even charities and non-profit organizations as investors. â€Å"He tapped local money pulled in from country clubs and charity dinners, where investors sought him out to casually plead with him to manage their savings so they could start reaping the steady, solid returns their envied friends were getting† (Colesanti, 2012). â€Å"Levy invested $100,000† for Dell’Orefice, who felt honored to be a part of the â€Å"exclusive fund† (Lewis, 2010). Sheryl Weinstein, who wa s a friend of Madoffs for nearly 24 years, lost her entire savings to Madoff’s Ponzi scheme. â€Å"The charitable foundation of philanthropist Carl Shapiro had invested about 45 percent of its assets ($345 million) in Madoffs fund† (Auerbach, 2009). It is â€Å"estimated that Madoffs scam cost Jewish philanthropies at least $600 million, andShow MoreRelatedWhite Collar And Organized Crime Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesWhite Collar And Organized Crime In the twentieth century, White Collar and Organized Crimes have attracted the attention of the U.S. Criminal Justice System due to the greater cost to society than most normal street crime. Even with the new attention by the Criminal Justice System, both are still pretty unknown to the general public. Although we know it occurs, due to the lack of coverage and information, society does not realize the extent of these crimes or the impact. 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For example, Joe receives an email from Prince Tiberius in Nigeria about being the recipient of $1,000,000. However, Joe needs to wire Prince Tiberius $25,000 first. Since Joe is studying fraud, he recognizes the red flags of a wire scheme and proceeds to delete the email. Without prior knowledge, Joe could have been defrauded $25,000 (Why it is important to learn about Fraud 2015). Fraud knowledge benefits stakeholders in multiple ways. By understanding how financial statement